2000年以来我国柑橘产业变化与成本效益分析

CHANGES AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S CITRUS INDUSTRY SINCE 2000

关键词:  柑橘  产业变化  成本  效益  影响因素  发展建议

Key words:  citrus  industrial changes  cost  benefits  influencing factors  development suggestions

摘要:

目的 21世纪以来，得益于政府重视、科技支撑和综合比较优势，我国柑橘产业飞速发展，但柑橘产业的整体效益却未得到有效提升，分析我国柑橘生产的效益与成本的变化趋势和影响因素，以期为我国柑橘产业可持续发展提出参考依据。方法 文章基于2000—2023年的国家统计面板数据，对2000年我国柑橘产业整体变化、各产区分布与比较优劣势、进出口情况进行综合分析，并深入剖析我国柑橘产业在生产中的成本、效益变化趋势与影响因素。结果 （1）中国已成为世界最大的柑橘产区，年经济总产值不断提升，国内产业的优势和资源逐渐向中部和西南地区转移；（2）与世界其他柑橘产区相比，中国柑橘产区的效率和资源禀赋等方面仍不具优势；（3）在进出口上基本处于贸易顺差状态，但出口比例占总产量的比例仍较低，且以鲜果为主；（4）柑橘产业的产值不断提升，但受人工成本和材料成本影响，整体利润未有效提升，同时销售成本的增加也进一步压缩了利润空间。结论 为应对新形势下柑橘产业发展的需求，应从优化产业布局，调整产业结构、以科技创新引领节本增效、升级产业后端，提升产业附加值等三个方面进行布局和发展。

Abstract:

Since the turn of the new century, China's citrus industry has experienced rapid growth, propelled by government support, technological advancements, and comparative advantages. However, the overall efficiency of the citrus industry has not seen significant enhancement, this research aims to analyze the trends and influencing factors of the benefits and costs in citrus production in China, so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of the citrus industry. Based on national statistical panel data from 2000 to 2023, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the overall changes in China's citrus industry since 2000, the distribution and comparative advantages/disadvantages of various production regions, as well as the import and export dynamics. The results were listed as follows. (1) China had emerged as the world's largest citrus production area, with its annual economic output continuously on the rise. The domestic industry's advantages and resources were gradually shifting towards the central and southwestern regions. (2) Nonetheless, in comparison with other citrus production regions globally, China's citrus production areas still lacked advantages in terms of efficiency and resource endowment. (3) In terms of international trade, China maintained a trade surplus in citrus products, but the proportion of exports to total production remained relatively low, with fresh fruits being the primary export item. (4) Despite the continuous increase in the output value of the citrus industry, overall profits had not seen a corresponding improvement due to escalating labor and material costs. Furthermore, the rising sales costs had further compressed profit margins. In summary, to address the challenges and seize the opportunities presented by the new era of citrus industry development, it is imperative to optimize the industrial layout, adjust the industrial structure, leverage technological innovation to drive cost savings and efficiency enhancements, upgrade the downstream sector of the industry, and enhance the industrial added value.文/徐娅妮（重庆工商职业学院，助教）