网络销售假劣农资治理难点与应对分析研究

DIFFICULIES IN GOVERNANCE AND RESPONSES OF ONLINE SALES OF FAKE AND INFERIOR AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS

关键词:  网络销售  假劣农资  粮食安全  农民  治理难点  预防措施

Key words:  online sales  fake and inferior agricultural materials  food security  farmers  difficulties in governance  prevention measures

摘要:

目的 农资质量直接关系到粮食安全和农民切身利益，近年来网络销售假劣农资的情况增多，给假劣农资治理带来了新的挑战。方法 文章运用案例研究法，以线下销售假劣农资典型案例为参照，对比分析网络销售假劣农资典型案例在“上挖生产厂家”“下追销售流向”两方面的差异，从中归纳出治理难点并分析原因。结果 网络销售延伸了涉假劣农资违法犯罪的链条和路径，不法分子售假手段更隐蔽、多样，增加了“上挖生产厂家”的难度；受害农民数量更多、分布地域更广，增加了“下追销售流向”的难度。网上农资电商存在监管盲区和相关法律法规滞后、农民群众网购农资产品防范和维权意识普遍淡薄、不法分子网络售假违法犯罪成本低是主要原因。结论 网络销售假劣农资带来的社会危害程度更大，预防为主原则下主要应对措施有，加强对农资网络销售的监管和加快完善相关法律法规、提高农民群众对网购农资陷阱的识别能力和依法维权意识、畅通放心农资下乡进村渠道及提高不法分子违法犯罪成本。

Abstract:

The quality of agricultural materials is directly related to food security and the vital interests of farmers. In recent years, the circumstance of online-selling fake and inferior agricultural materials has been getting worsen, which brings new challenges to governance. Taking the offline-selling fake and inferior agricultural materials as a reference, this research analyzed the differences of two sales models between "digging out manufacturers" and "chasing the flow of sales", then summarized the difficulties in governance and analyzed the reasons. Online sales of fake and inferior agricultural materials extended the chain and path of crimes. Compared with off-line sales, the online-selling means were more hidden and diversified, which increased the difficulty in "digging out manufacturers"; the damaged farmers were in a larger number and distributed in wider areas, which increased the difficulty in "chasing the flow of sales". And the main reasons were the blind areas of supervision and the lags of relevant laws and regulations, farmers' weak awareness of prevention and rights protection on buying agricultural materials online, and the low crime costs. To mitigate the social harm caused by the online sale of agricultural materials, the primary countermeasures under the principle of prevention first are proposed as follows: tightening supervision over the online trade of agricultural materials and accelerating the improvement of relevant laws and regulations; enhancing farmers' ability to identify online shopping traps for agricultural materials and their awareness of safeguarding rights in accordance with the law; smoothing the channels for supplying reliable agricultural materials to rural areas and villages and increasing the legal costs for lawbreakers involved in illegal and criminal activities.