农业数字化、空间溢出与农民收入增长

AGRICULTURAL DIGITIZATION，SPATIAL SPILLOVER AND FARMERS’ INCOME GROWTH*

关键词:  农业数字化  农民收入增长  农业技术进步  空间溢出  影响机制

Key words:  agricultural digitization  farmers' income growth  agricultural technological progress  spatial spillover  influencing mechanism

摘要:

目的 增加农民收入仍是当前三农工作中的重点任务，深入探究农业数字化对农民收入增长的影响对实现城乡共同富裕具有重要意义。方法 文章基于2012—2022年30个省域的面板数据，构建评价指标体系测算农业数字化发展水平，并利用双向固定效应模型、中介效应模型和空间杜宾模型实证研究了农业数字化对农民收入增长的影响机制。结果 （1）2012—2022年全国及各地区的农业数字化发展水平呈现逐年上升的态势，区域间差异较为明显；（2）农业数字化不仅能够显著促进农民收入增长，还可以通过促进农业技术进步对农民收入产生正面影响；（3）农业数字化对西部、低收入群体的农民增收效应更强；农业数字化与农民收入增长具有明显的空间相关性，并且空间溢出效应显著存在。结论 据此，围绕充分发挥农业数字化的增收效应及其外溢特征的同时，还需要关注农业技术进步的中介作用，从深入实施农业数字化发展行动、加大科技创新投入力度及加强区域间协同合作等方面提出建议，以期为农民收入增长提供有益政策启示。

Abstract:

Increasing farmers' income remains a key priority in the current work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is of great significance to explore the impact of agricultural digitization on farmers' income growth for urban-rural common prosperity. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces from 2012 to 2022, this research constructed an evaluation index system to measure the level of agricultural digitization, and empirically studied the impact mechanism of agricultural digitalization on farmers' income by using two-way fixed effects model, the mediation effect model and the spatial Durbin model. The results were showed as follows. (1) From 2012 to 2022, the development level of agricultural digitalization in China and other regions had shown an increasing trend year by year, with obvious differences among regions. (2) Agricultural digitization could not only significantly boost farmers' income, but also positively influenced it by facilitating agricultural technological progress. (3) The digitization of agriculture had a stronger effect on increasing income for farmers in the western region and low-income groups, and there was a clear spatial correlation between agricultural digitization and farmers' income growth, with a significant presence of spatial spillover effects. Therefore, while fully leveraging the income increasing effects and spillover characteristics of agricultural digitization, it is also necessary to pay attention to the mediating role of agricultural technological progress. Suggestions are proposed from the aspects of deepening the implementation of agricultural digitization development actions, increasing investment in scientific and technological innovation, and strengthening regional collaborative cooperation, in order to provide useful policy insights for farmers' income growth.