长江十年禁渔背景下渔村发展评估及对策研究——基于湘、赣、皖、苏等4省渔村的微观调查

ASSESSMENT AND ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FISHING VILLAGES UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF TEN-YEAR FISHING BAN IN THE YANGTZE RIVER——BASED ON MICRO SURVEY OF FISHING VILLAGES IN HUNAN, JIANGXI, ANHUI AND JIANGSU PROVINCES

关键词:  长江十年禁渔  渔村振兴  渔村类型  渔村发展评估  渔村发展障碍

Key words:  ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River  revitalization of fishing village  type of fishing village  evaluation of fishing village development  obstacles to the development of fishing villages

摘要:

目的 文章科学评估长江十年禁渔背景下渔村发展水平及类型，精准识别渔村发展的主要障碍，以期为分类施策推动长江流域渔村发展提供参考。方法 参考乡村振兴五大维度和结合微观调研，构建指标体系定量评估长江十年禁渔背景下渔村发展水平，在此基础上使用K-Means法对渔村进行聚类分析，然后采用障碍度模型明晰制约渔村发展的因素，并提出分类发展的策略。结果 （1）长江十年禁渔后有关流域渔村总体发展水平不高，虽然渔村生态发展良好，但产业兴旺是短板弱项，渔民生活富裕程度仍有待提高。（2）长江十年禁渔后渔村逐渐分化为3类，分别是长期—振兴型渔村、中期—维持型渔村和短期—消亡型渔村。（3）不同类型渔村发展的障碍因素不尽相同，但产业兴旺是当前所有类型渔村发展的主要制约因素，乡风文明的制约程度最低。（4）进一步分析表明，宜养水域稀缺、村社企业数量少和集体经济收入低是禁捕后长江流域渔村振兴的重要障碍因子。结论 长江流域渔村受十年禁渔和城镇化的双重影响不断分化。未来，应科学评估、准确划分渔村类型，以精准施策和提升政策效率，助力促进长江流域乡村全面振兴和长江经济带发展。

Abstract:

This study aims to scientifically evaluate the development levels and types of fishing villages under the background of ten-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River, and accurately identify the main obstacles to their development, so as to provide a reference for tailored policy-making to promote the development of fishing villages in the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the five dimensions of rural revitalization and supplemented with micro-level field surveys, an indicator system was constructed to quantitatively assess the development levels of fishing villages under the fishing ban. And the K-means clustering was employed to classify the villages into different development types. Then, an obstacle degree model was applied to identify the key constraints hindering fishing village development, followed by policy suggestions for differentiated development. The results were listed as follows. (1) Following the implementation of the ten-year fishing ban, the overall development level of fishing villages in the Yangtze River Basin remained low. While ecological development was relatively good, industrial prosperity was the weakest link, and the prosperity of fishermen's livelihoods still needed improvement. (2) Fishing villages had gradually differentiated into three types: long-term revitalized villages, medium-term sustained villages, and short-term declining villages. (3) Although the constraints varied among different types, industrial prosperity was currently the main limiting factor for all village types, while rural civilization had the lowest degree of constraint. (4) Further analysis revealed that the scarcity of suitable aquaculture waters, the limited number of village enterprises, and low collective economic income were key obstacles to the revitalization of fishing villages in the post-ban era. In summary, fishing villages in the Yangtze River Basin are increasingly differentiated under the dual pressures of the ten-year fishing ban in Yangze River and urbanization. In the future, it is essential to scientifically evaluate and accurately classify fishing village types, implement precise policies, and improve policy efficiency to promote comprehensive rural revitalization and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.