西部地区农村空心化测度及其“空心村”治理对策

MEASUREMENT OF RURAL HOLLOWING IN WESTERN CHINA AND GOVERNANCE COUNTERMEASURES FOR "HOLLOW VILLAGES"

关键词:  农村空心化  水平测度  空心村  治理对策  西部地区

Key words:  rural hollowing  level measurement  hollow village  governance countermeasures  Western China

摘要:

目的 针对西部地区农村空心化制约乡村振兴的问题，科学测度空心化程度，分析演变规律，提出适应性治理对策。方法 文章以西部地区12省（自治区、直辖市）为研究对象，构建包含土地、人口、经济3个维度16项指标的测度体系，运用熵值法赋权，计算2003—2023年综合空心化指数，结合时空分析揭示特征与机制。结果 （1）综合空心化指数从0.29升至0.71，2003—2018年因城镇化加速、产业薄弱等因素快速增长（年均8.00%），2018年后因政策干预和人口结构变化增速放缓（年均2.57%）。土地空心化指数波动下降（年均-0.90%），人口和经济空心化指数持续攀升，反映劳动力外流、经济内生动力不足的深层矛盾。（2）西南地区空心化增速普遍高于西北，重庆（0.71）、内蒙古（0.73）等因虹吸效应和产业转型空心化突出，甘肃（0.48）、贵州（0.55）等因特色产业和政策扶持程度较轻。土地、人口、经济空心化呈现逆向分布，体现区域在城镇化动力、资源禀赋和产业转型上的非均衡性。结论 西部地区农村空心化具有阶段性和区域性差异，在土地治理上，要盘活存量资源，提升利用效率，在人口治理上，应优化人口结构，增强乡村吸引力，在经济治理上，要培育内生动力，重构产业体系，同时针对不同区域分类施策，强化差异化治理路径，激活乡村内生动力，实现生态保护与经济发展协同推进。

Abstract:

This study examines the rural hollowing phenomenon constraining rural revitalization in Western China through scientific measurement of hollowing degree, evolutionary pattern analysis, and adaptive governance strategy formulation. Focusing on 12 provincial-level regions in Western China, we constructed a 16-indicator evaluation system across land, population, and economic dimensions, and employed the entropy weighting method to calculate comprehensive hollowing indices from 2003 to 2023, then combined the spatiotemporal analysis to reveal key characteristics and mechanisms. The results demonstrated that: (1) The comprehensive hollowing index increased from 0.29 to 0.71 between 2003 and 2023, with rapid annual growth of 8.00% from 2003 to 2018 due to accelerated urbanization and weak industrial foundations. After 2018, the growth rate slowed (annual average of 2.57%) due to policy interventions and demographic changes. And the land hollowing index fluctuated downward (annual average of -0.90%), while population and economic hollowing indices continued rising, reflecting underlying contradictions of labor outflow and insufficient endogenous economic momentum; (2) Southwestern China generally exhibited faster hollowing growth than Northwestern areas, with Chongqing (0.71) and Inner Mongolia (0.73) showing severe hollowing due to siphon effects and industrial transformation, while Gansu (0.48) and Guizhou (0.55) experienced milder impacts from specialty industries and policy support, presenting an inverse spatial distribution of land, population and economic hollowing that revealed regional imbalances in urbanization drivers, resource endowments and industrial restructuring. In summary, the rural hollowing in Western China displays distinct stage characteristics and regional variations, Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize existing resources and improve utilization efficiency in land governance, and optimize demographic structures and enhance rural attractiveness in population governance, then cultivate endogenous drivers and reconstruct industrial systems in economic governance, while implementing region-specific policies to strengthen differentiated governance approaches, activate rural endogenous vitality, and achieve coordinated ecological conservation and economic development.