中国古代农业区划：演进脉络、历史逻辑与现实启示

关键词:  中国古代农业区划  演进脉络  历史逻辑  因地制宜  农业空间治理

Key words:  agricultural regional development priorities in ancient China  evolutionary trajectory  historical logic  adapt measures to local conditions  agricultural spatial governance

摘要:

目的 立足推进新一轮农业资源区划工作的历史节点，梳理中国古代农业区划的历史脉络，揭示其演进的内在逻辑，为当代农业区划与农业空间治理提供历史借鉴。方法 文章以古代农业区划思想与实践为研究对象，以人与自然关系为基本线索，采用文献研究法、历史分析法和归纳分析法，围绕演进脉络、历史逻辑和现实启示开展研究。结果 （1）中国古代农业区划经历了由萌芽期的“任土辨宜、定贡阜民”到发轫期的“相地之宜、因地兴利”，再到深化期的“因地成法、立法常新”的历史过程，是“自下而上”生产经验积累与“自上而下”治理制度整合协同推进的结果。（2）古代农业区划以客观基础与主观需求的适配为内在动力，经历了从被动适应到主动调适的传动机理转型，实现了认知对象、方法体系与功能定位的迭代延伸，将自然空间逐步转变为可识别、可利用、可治理的复合空间，映照出人与自然关系由被动顺应、主动利用，再到能动改造的历史逻辑。（3）农业区划工作需以史为鉴，查地利、量动态、明农情以夯实农业空间治理基础，控边界、优布局、强用途以提升农业空间治理能力，定法度、建机制、促长效以构建农业空间治理体系。结论 古代农业区划不仅是认知地域分异的表现形式，更是组织农业生产、配置区域资源和维持治理秩序的制度性实践。在加快补上农业农村领域突出短板与建设农业强国的关键时期，农业区划工作应当充分发挥优化资源配置、引导产业布局、服务治理决策的基础性、前瞻性和战略性作用，为推动农业绿色发展全面转型、助力中国式现代化行稳致远提供坚实的空间支撑与制度保障。

Abstract:

Situated at a critical juncture for advancing a new round of agricultural resources regionalization, this study systematically reviews the historical trajectory of agricultural regional development priorities in ancient China, reveals the internal logic of its evolution, and provides historical reference for contemporary agricultural regional development priorities and agricultural spatial governance.Taking ancient agricultural regional development priorities thought and practice as the research object, and using human nature relations as the basic analytical thread, this study adopted literature review, historical analysis, and inductive analysis to examine its evolutionary trajectory, historical logic, and contemporary implications. The main findings were summarized as follows. (1) Agricultural regional development priorities in ancient China evolved from the embryonic stage of “discerning land suitability, defining tribute, and securing livelihoods,” through the initial development stage of “assessing land suitability and promoting development according to local conditions,” to the deepening stage of “forming place-specific practices and continuously renewing regulatory and institutional frameworks.” This process resulted from the coordinated advancement of bottom-up experiential accumulation in productive space and top-down institutional integration in governance space. (2) Ancient agricultural regional development priorities were driven by the adaptation between objective foundations and subjective demands, underwent a transformation in its transmission mechanism from passive adaptation to active adjustment, and realized the iterative extension of cognitive objects, methodological systems, and functional orientations. In this process, natural space was gradually transformed into a composite space that could be identified, utilized, and governed, reflecting the historical logic of human nature relations from passive accommodation to active utilization and then to proactive transformation (3) Contemporary agricultural regional development priorities should draw lessons from history by identifying land suitability, tracking dynamic changes, and clarifying agricultural conditions to consolidate the foundation of agricultural spatial governance; controlling spatial boundaries, optimizing spatial layouts, and strengthening land-use regulation to enhance governance capacity; and defining regulatory norms, improving institutional mechanisms, and promoting long-term effectiveness to build an agricultural spatial governance system. Ancient agricultural regional development priorities were not only representational forms for understanding regional differentiation, but also institutional practices for organizing agricultural production, allocating regional resources, and maintaining governance order. At a critical stage in addressing weaknesses in agriculture and rural development and building China into a strong agricultural country, agricultural regional development priorities should fully play its foundational, forward-looking, and strategic roles in optimizing resource allocation, guiding industrial layout, and supporting governance decision-making, thereby providing solid spatial support and institutional safeguards for the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development and the steady advancement of Chinese modernization.