新发展格局下中国粮食安全形势、重大挑战及应对策略

THE SITUATION, CHALLENGES AND COPING STRATEGIES OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY UNDER THE NEW DEVELOPMENT PATTERN

关键词:  新发展格局  粮食  粮食安全  双循环  应对策略

Key words:  new development pattern  grain  grain security  dual-circulation  coping strategy

摘要:

目的 构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是我国为应对国内外复杂多变的基本形势做出的重要战略构想。方法 文章在总结党的十八大以来我国保障粮食安全取得成就的基础上，系统分析新发展格局下我国粮食安全面临的形势及重大挑战，进而提出新发展格局下保障我国粮食安全的应对策略。结果 研究表明，目前我国粮食供给能力、产业发展水平不断提升，粮食安全制度、应急保障体系不断完善，粮食安全形势基本向好，但粮食持续增产进入“瓶颈期”、供需结构性矛盾转入“剧烈期”、国际贸易环境面临“风险期”。我国粮食安全面临生产基础约束增强、生产主体经济激励不足以及粮食市场结构性矛盾加剧、农业支持保护体系改革中国际贸易规则约束趋紧、粮食产业难以“走出去”、国际粮食贸易中定价权缺失的挑战。结论 为提高国家粮食安全保障能力，应进一步夯实粮食稳产保供基础，提升粮食安全保障能力；强化“党政同责”刚性约束，筑牢中国粮食安全政治防线；增收益降成本，提升农户种粮积极性；继续深化粮食体制改革，着力保持粮食市场稳定；调整粮食供需结构，推进粮食供需向高质量方向转型；培育壮大粮食产业主体，推动粮食企业“走出去”；积极参与全球粮食治理，降低国际贸易风险。

Abstract:

Building a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and mutual promotion between domestic and international circulations constitutes a crucial strategic initiative adopted by China to address the complex and volatile domestic and international environment. Drawing on the achievements in ensuring food security since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), this research systematically analyzed the situation, critical challenges and major issues confronting China's food security under the new development paradigm and further proposed targeted strategies for safeguarding national food security within this framework. Research indicated that China's grain supply capacity and the development level of the grain industry had been continuously enhanced, while the food security system and emergency support and guarantee system had been steadily improved, with the overall food security situation remaining fundamentally positive, yet sustained grain output growth entered a "bottleneck phase," structural supply-demand mismatches shifted into an "intensified phase," and the international trade environment entered a "risk-laden phase. " China's food security was currently faced with multiple challenges, including strengthened constraints on the production base, inadequate economic incentives for production entities, escalated structural mismatches in the grain market, tightening constraints of international trade rules amid the reform of the agricultural support and protection system, difficulties in the "going global" process of the grain industry, and insufficiency in pricing power in international grain trade. Therefore, to improve the national food security guarantee capacity, efforts should focus on further consolidating the foundation for stable grain production and supply to enhance food security support capacity, reinforcing the rigid constraint of "joint responsibility of the Party and government" to fortify the political defense line for China's food security, boosting income and lowering costs to stimulate farmers' enthusiasm for grain production, continuing deepening the reform of the grain system to maintain grain market stability, optimizing the grain supply-demand structure to advance the high-quality transformation of grain supply and demand, fostering and expanding grain industry entities to promote the "going global" of grain enterprises, and proactively engaging in global food governance to mitigate risks in international trade.