综合补偿模式下粮食主产区耕地保护补偿研究——以黑龙江省为例

RESEARCH ON CULTIVATED LAND PROTECTION COMPENSATION IN MAJOR GRAIN-PRODUCING REGIONS UNDER A COMPREHENSIVE MODEL——A CASE STUDY OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

关键词:  耕地保护  生态价值  社会价值  综合补偿模式  粮食主产区

Key words:  cultivated land protection  ecological value  social value  comprehensive compensation mode  major grain-producing regions

摘要:

目的 为平衡区域发展，激发种粮主体保护耕地数量、质量、生态安全的积极性，探索粮食主产区利益补偿标准、补偿额度、补偿分区尤为关键。方法 文章从耕地未被显化的社会价值和生态价值入手，以黑龙江省各市域为核算单元，采用最小人均耕地面积法、机会成本法、生态足迹法和当量因子法等构建粮食主产区耕地保护“横纵交错”综合补偿分析框架，测算2021年黑龙江省各市域耕地保护社会补偿及生态补偿标准、补偿额度并进行补偿分区。结果 （1）在耕地保护社会补偿中，除大兴安岭地区外其余12个市域均为耕地供需盈余市，全省耕地供需总盈余量为1 089万hm²；耕地保护社会补偿标准范围为2.958 1万元/hm²（黑河市）至8.543 6万元/hm²（大兴安岭地区）；耕地保护社会补偿额度范围为-25.6亿元（大兴安岭地区）至 1 232.8亿元（哈尔滨市）；综合考虑耕地社会负担指数及补偿额度，12个受偿市被划分为6个一级优先受偿市，3个二级优先受偿市，3个三级优先受偿市。（2）在耕地保护生态补偿中，黑龙江省耕地生态总盈亏量为59.1万hm²，整体上处于生态盈余状态；耕地保护生态补偿标准范围为5 455元/hm²（大兴安岭地区）至1.555 0万元/hm²（大庆市）；生态补偿额度范围为-114.1亿元（哈尔滨市）至53.4亿元（齐齐哈尔市）。（3）黑龙江省耕地保护补偿总额度为5 614亿元，社会补偿额度（5 582.6亿元）远超生态补偿额度（31.4亿元）。结论 该研究量化了黑龙江省耕地保护社会补偿及生态补偿的补偿标准、补偿额度，并实现了补偿分区，为黑龙江省及其他粮食主产区建立并完善耕地保护补偿机制提供参考依据。

Abstract:

It is of great importance to explore an interest compensation standard, compensation amount andcompensation zoning for major grain-producing regions in order to balance regional development and motivate stakeholders to safeguard farmland quantity, quality, and ecological security. Using the cities of Heilongjiang Province as calculation units, this study examined the unmanifested social and ecological values of farmland, and adopted minimum per capita cultivated land area method, opportunity cost method, ecological footprint method, and the equivalent factor method to construct a "horizontal-vertical" integrated compensation analysis framework, then calculated the social compensation and ecological compensation standards, as well as the compensation amounts, for cultivated land protection in various cities of Heilongjiang province in 2021, and conducted compensation zoning.The results were revealed as follows. (1) In the social compensation for farmland protection, 12 cities (excluding the Daxing'anling region) exhibited a surplus in farmland supply and demand, with a total provincial surplus of 10.89 million hm². The social compensation standards ranged from 29 581 yuan/hm²(Heihe city) to 85 436 yuan/hm²(Daxing'anling region), and the compensation amounts varied from -2.56 billion yuan (Daxing'anling region) to 123.28 billion yuan (Harbin city). Based on the farmland social burden index and compensation amounts, the 12 recipient cities were categorized into six primary priority recipients, three secondary priority recipients, and three tertiary priority recipients. (2) For ecological compensation, Heilongjiang province had a total farmland ecological surplus of 591 000 hm², indicating an overall ecological surplus state. The ecological compensation standards ranged from 5 455 yuan/hm² (Daxing'anling region) to 15 550 yuan/hm²(Daqing city), while the compensation amounts ranged from -11.41billion yuan (Harbin city) to 5.34 billion yuan (Qiqihar city). (3) The total farmland protection compensation for Heilongjiang province amounted to 561.4 billion yuan, with social compensation (558.26 billion yuan) significantly exceeding ecological compensation (3.14 billion yuan). In summary, this study provides a quantitative basis for determining farmland protection compensation standards and regional divisions in Heilongjiang province, and it also offers theoretical and practical insights for refining farmland protection policies in Heilongjiang and other major grain-producing regions.