少数民族地区易地扶贫搬迁农户生计策略选择研究——以云南省宁蒗彝族自治县为例

THE SELECTION OF LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES FOR FARM HOUSEHOLDS RELOCATED TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN ETHNIC MINORITY AREAS——TAKING NINGLANG YI AUTONOMOUS COUNTY OF YUNNAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  易地扶贫搬迁  搬迁农户  生计策略  生计资本  Logistic模型

Key words:  relocation for poverty alleviation  relocated farmers  livelihood strategies  livelihood capital  Logistic modelling

摘要:

目的 探讨少数民族地区搬迁农户生计资本与生计策略之间的关系，加强易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持，对于维持搬迁农户可持续生计，促进民族地区稳定发展，实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。方法 文章基于758份搬迁农户调查数据，建立适宜少数民族地区易地扶贫搬迁农户可持续生计评价指标体系，分析农户搬迁前后生计资本持有量的变化，利用K-均值聚类分析划分农户生计策略类型，并采用Logistic回归模型探讨生计资本如何影响农户选择不同生计策略选择的机理。结果 （1）易地扶贫搬迁有效改善了农户的生计资本，搬迁后农户生计资本总值增加，主要来源于物质、金融、社会和人力资本的增加。（2）在搬迁农户选择生计策略的过程中，自然、物质和人力资本对搬迁农户选择兼农型生计策略具有显著的正向驱动效应；自然资本是搬迁农户选择外出务工型生计策略的关键影响因素；物质和金融资本对搬迁农户选择从事非农经营型策略产生显著负向影响。（3）在搬迁农户生计策略转型过程中，自然、物质、人力和文化资本均显著影响了农户从兼农型生计向外出务工生计的转变；物质和金融资本对于搬迁农户从兼农型向非农经营型转变中有显著影响作用。结论 提出加大教育和技能培训力度、加强土地政策引导与扶持、出台特色文化保护和传承的专项政策等差异化政策。

Abstract:

To explore the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategy of relocated farm households in ethnic minority areas, and to strengthen the follow-up support for relocation for poverty alleviation, which is of great significance for maintaining the sustainable livelihood of relocated farm households, promoting the stable development of ethnic minority areas, and realising the revitalisation of the countryside. Based on the survey data of 758 relocated farm households, we established a sustainable livelihood evaluation index system for relocated farm households in ethnic minority areas, analysed the changes in livelihood capital holdings before and after the relocation of farm households, and classified the types of livelihood strategies of relocated farm households by using K-mean clustering analysis, then used Logistic regression models to explore how livelihood capital influence the selection of different livelihood strategies by the farm households. The results were indicated as follows. (1) Relocation for poverty alleviation effectively improved the livelihood capital of farmers, and the total value of livelihood capital of farmers increased after relocation, mainly from the increase of physical, financial, social and human capital. (2) In the process of choosing livelihood strategies for relocated farmers, natural, physical and human capital had a significant positive driving effect on the choice of part-time farming-type livelihood strategies for relocated farmers; natural capital was the key influencing factor on the choice of migrant labour-type livelihood strategies for relocated farmers; and physical and financial capital had a significant negative effect on the choice of non-agricultural business-type strategies for relocated farmers. (3) In the process of transforming the livelihood strategies of relocated farm households, natural, physical, human and cultural capitals all significantly influenced the transformation of farm households from part-time to migrant livelihoods; physical and financial capitals had a significant influence on the transformation of relocated farm households from part-time to non-farm business. Finally, this study proposes a series of differentiated policies, including strengthening education and skills training, enhancing guidance and support for land policies, and formulating special policies for the protection and inheritance of characteristic cultures.