高标准农田建设的农业节水效应及机制研究

THE AGRICULTURAL WATER-SAVING EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF HIGH STANDARD FARMLAND CONSTRUCTION

关键词:  高标准农田建设  农业节水效应  农田生态改良  连续型双重差分模型  农业强国

Key words:  high-standard farmland construction  agricultural water conservation effects  farmland ecological improvement  continuous difference-in-differences model  strong agricultural country

摘要:

目的 在水土资源约束日益趋紧现实背景下，厘清高标准农田建设与农业节水利用间的关系，对完善耕地数量、质量和生态“三位一体”保护和守护农业水资源至关重要。方法 文章基于2004—2022年中国31省（市、自治区，不含港澳台）面板数据，将高标准农田建设视作为一项准自然实验，采用连续型双重差分模型，系统考察高标准农田建设的农业节水效应及作用机制。结果 （1）高标准农田建设具有显著且持续增强的农业节水效应，具体表现为相比于高标准农田建设成效低的控制组，高标准农田建设成效高的实验组农业用水强度下降了9.9%，经过模型适用性和一系列稳健性检验后结果依然可信。（2）高标准农田建设的农业节水效应表现出明显异质性特征，在水资源相对匮乏、对水资源依赖程度较高的灌溉农业区和干旱农业区、高标准农田建后管护力度大的地区以及农业大省，高标准农田建设的农业节水效应更强劲。（3）耕地灌溉条件改善、用水方式改进和农田生态改良，是高标准农田建设促进农业节水利用的3条重要路径。结论 据此，提出坚持差异化推进高标准农田建设同时，注重建管并重和农田生态系统补“短板”，以推动耕地质量改善和农业节水利用耦合协调发展。

Abstract:

In the context of increasingly stringent constraints on water and soil resources, clarifying the relationship between high-standard farmland construction and agricultural water conservation is essential for optimizing the "three in one" protection of arable land quantity, quality and ecology, as well as safeguarding agricultural water resources. Based on the panel data from China's 31 provincial-level regions (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2004 to 2022, and the construction of high-standard farmland was regarded as a quasi natural experiment, the continuous double difference model was adopted to systematically examine the agricultural water-saving effects and mechanisms of high-standard farmland construction. The results found that: (1) The construction of high-standard farmland had a significant and continuously enhanced agricultural water-saving effect, specifically manifested as a 9.9% decrease in agricultural water intensity in the experimental group with high-standard farmland construction compared to the control group with low construction efficiency. After model applicability and a series of robustness tests, the results were still reliable; (2) The agricultural water-saving effect of high-standard farmland construction showed obvious heterogeneity characteristics. In irrigated and arid agricultural areas with relatively scarce water resources and high dependence on water resources, areas with strong post construction management and protection of high-standard farmland, and agricultural provinces, the agricultural water-saving effect of high-standard farmland construction was stronger; (3) Improving irrigation conditions, water use methods, and ecological improvement of farmland were three important paths for promoting agricultural water-saving utilization through high-standard farmland construction. Based on this, it is proposed to adhere to differentiated promotion of high-standard farmland construction, while paying attention to both construction and management, and filling the "shortcomings" of farmland ecosystems, so as to promote the coordinated development of farmland quality improvement and agricultural water-saving utilization coupling.