中国农业新质生产力评价指标体系及测度研究

Research on the evaluation index system and measurement of agricultural new-quality productive forces in China

关键词:  农业新质生产力  评价  指标体系  区域非均衡

Key words:  agricultural new-quality productive forces  evaluation  index system  regional imbalance

摘要:

【目的】 准确把握中国农业新质生产力发展进程，识别关键变量及区域发展水平。【方法】 文章提出了农业新质生产力“四个跃升”基本内涵、“高科技赋能、高效能驱动、高质量引领”三大特征和十大关键性标志，在此基础上构建农业新质生产力评价指标体系，运用加权算术平均合成法形成农业新质生产力总指数和3个分指数。【结果】 （1）中国农业新质生产力发展存在明显的区域非均衡特征，大致呈现华东、华北、华中、东北、华南、西北、西南依次递减态势。（2）华东地区不仅在总指数上遥遥领先于其他地区，在高科技赋能、高效能驱动、高质量引领3个分维度上也均处于第一位。华北地区和华中地区发展水平相近，分别位列全国第二、三位，同时两地在分维度上发展较均衡。东北地区和华南地区发展水平居全国中下游水平，突出短板是高质量引领分维度。西北和西南地区位列全国末两位，突出短板是高科技赋能分维度。（3）3个分指数中，高科技赋能指数的区域差异性最大、分化最为突出，是因地制宜发展农业新质生产力的敏感变量和关键变量。【结论】 重视农业新质生产力发展区域不平衡问题，瞄准非优势地区的短板弱项，靶向发力、精准施策。建立健全农业新质生产力区域协作机制，充分发挥先进地区的带动作用。围绕种源、智能农机装备等关键核心技术加速形成一批原创性、颠覆性科技创新成果，提高农业新质生产力转化应用水平。

Abstract:

[Purpose] This study aims to accurately grasp the development process of China's agricultural new-quality productive forces，identify key variables，and assess regional development levels.[Method] This study proposed the basic connotation of the "four leaps" in agricultural new-quality productive forces，three major characteristics—high-tech empowerment，high-efficiency drive，and high-quality guidance—and ten key indicators. On this basis，it constructed an evaluation index system for agricultural new-quality productive forces and employed the weighted arithmetic average method to generate a composite index and three sub-indices.[Result] （1） There existed obvious regional disequilibrium in the development of China′s agricultural new-quality productive forces，which generally showed a decreasing trend in the order of East China，North China，Central China，Northeast China，South China，Northwest China，and Southwest China. （2） East China not only took a far lead in the overall index over other regions，but also ranked first in all three sub-dimensions：high-tech empowerment，high-efficiency drive，and high-quality guidance. North China and Central China showed similar development levels，ranking second and third nationwide respectively，and both presented relatively balanced development across sub-dimensions. Northeast China and South China were at the lower-middle level nationwide，with high-quality guidance as their prominent shortcoming. Northwest China and Southwest China ranked last two in the country，with high-tech empowerment as their outstanding weakness. （3） Among the three sub-indices，the regional disparity of the high-tech empowerment index was the largest and its differentiation was the most prominent，which served as a sensitive and key variable for the development of agricultural new-quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions.[Conclusion] Priority should be attached to addressing regional imbalances in the development of agricultural new-quality productive forces，focusing on the weaknesses of disadvantaged regions and implementing targeted and precise policy interventions. Regional collaboration mechanisms for agricultural new-quality productive forces should be established and strengthened to fully leverage the leading role of advanced regions. Efforts should be accelerated to cultivate a series of original and disruptive technological innovation achievements in key core technologies such as germplasm resources and intelligent agricultural machinery，thereby enhancing the level of transformation and application of agricultural new-quality productive forces.