数字技术赋能传统农业转型升级的风险挑战与应对路径基于典型案例的分析

Risks，challenges and response paths of digital technology empowering the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture：An analysis based on typical cases

关键词:  数字技术赋能  农业转型升级  智慧农业  茶产业链  数字鸿沟  案例研究

Key words:  digital technology empowerment  agricultural transformation and upgrading  smart agriculture  tea industry chain  digital divide  case study

摘要:

【目的】 通过典型个案，深入剖析数字技术赋能传统农业产业转型升级过程中面临的多维风险与结构性挑战，探索可持续的应对路径。【方法】 文章以四川省雅安市名山区茶产业数字化转型升级项目为典型个案，采用质性研究方法，综合运用实地调研、半结构化深度访谈、参与式观察及多源资料分析，对产业链关键环节的数字技术应用进行过程追踪与机制分析。【结果】 （1）数字技术赋能名山茶产业转型受到经济成本、组织协同、人力资本和制度规则等多重因素制约；（2）当前实践面临高成本排斥中小主体、数据孤岛阻碍链式协同、素养鸿沟导致象征性采纳和规则滞后引发市场失序4重风险。【结论】 未来须推动从“政府主导、项目驱动、技术中心”的短期模式，转向“市场主导、生态培育、系统演进”的长期模式，构建政府定规则、供服务，市场主体协同，人才技术本土化适配，监管与创新动态平衡的数字生态系统，以实现从“工具性应用”到“生态化融合”的根本转变。

Abstract:

[Purpose] Through a typical case study，this paper aims to deeply analyze the multi-dimensional risks and structural challenges faced by traditional agricultural industries in their digital transformation，and explore sustainable coping strategies.[Method] Taking the digital transformation project of the tea industry in Mingshan District，Ya'an City，Sichuan Province as a typical case，this paper adopted qualitative research methods，combining field research，semi-structured in-depth interviews，participatory observation and multi-source data analysis to track and analyze the application of digital technology in key links of the industrial chain.[Result] （1） The transformation of the tea industry in Mingshan District through digital technology was constrained by multiple factors，including economic costs，organizational coordination，human capital，and institutional rules. （2） Current practices faced four major risks：high costs excluded small and medium-sized operators，isolated data systems hindered supply chain collaboration，uneven digital literacy led to symbolic adoption，and lagging governance contributed to market disorder.[Conclusion] A fundamental shift is required：from a short-term，state-led，project-focused，and technology-centered approach toward a long-term，market-driven，ecosystem-based，and evolutionary model. This involves cultivating a digital ecosystem where the government sets rules and provides services，market actors collaborate，talent and technology are locally adapted，and regulation dynamically balances innovation—ultimately moving from instrumental application to deep ecological integration.