空间结构视角下的农民发展能力研究

RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY OF FARMERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE

关键词:  农民发展能力 空间结构 行动空间 认知空间 思维空间

Key words:  development ability of farmers  structure of spaces  action spaces  cognitive spaces  thinking space

摘要:

通过实证方法证明农民的发展能力与3个空间的关系为：随着农民认知空间的扩大，首先产生行动上的冲动，进而是行动空间的扩大； 而在行动中遇到困难时，便会在其认知的基础上，引发更深层次上的思考，使其思维空间得以拓展，并作用于认知空间。农民发展能力的提高是3个空间同步协调持续扩大的结果，正是3个空间的扩大对农民发展能力的提高起到了极大的促进作用，空间拓展是农民发展能力培养的一种手段和一种途径，同时更是一种目的。农民发展能力不仅存在于农民的认知空间，通过学习能力表达和学习过程来实现，同时取决于思维空间的活跃程度。因此，农民发展能力的建设存在2种途径：一种是农民先开启行动空间，通过学习过程导致认知空间和思维空间的变化，最后再作用于行动空间，这一过程伴随着农民发展能力的提升（由“行”到“知”）； 另一种是通过外力作用于农民的认知空间，直接带动认知空间的扩大并作出决策，最终使行动空间也发生变化，接下来重复第1种情况，最终完成这一循环的农民能力也得到提升（由“知”到“行”）。在实践中，上述2种情况在不同的农民身上表现不同； 大多数农民属于第1种情况，其发展能力多是通过实践获得； 而现阶段对农民的教育与培训、科技下乡与农村科普活动属于第2种情况，以主动拓展农民思维空间的方式提高农民的发展能力。

Abstract:

This paper analyzed the relationship between a farmer's development ability and his “three spaces”，i.e.，action space，cognitive space，and thinking space.The results showed that with the farmer's cognitive space being expanded，firstly he had the impulse of action，and then the action space enlarged；when encountering the difficulties during the process of action，it would cause him think deeply based on his cognition，and his thinking space would extended and in turn impact the cognitive space.The improvement of a farmer's development ability was the result of the three spaces being expanded synchronously，coordinately and continuously.Therefore，a farmer's development ability can be achieved through learning capacity and process，and the vibration degree of thinking space.Therefore，there were two ways for farmers to construct their development ability.One way was that farmers started from their action spaces，made changes in their cognitive and thinking spaces through learning process，and in turn impacted their action spaces.This process was accompanied by the improvement of farmers' development ability（from “practice” to “know”）.Another way was to impact a farmer's cognitive space through external forces to enlarge cognitive space，and finally extend his action space，his ability would be improved（from “know” to “practice”）.These two kinds of situations differed in different farmers：most farmers belonged to the first kind of situation in which the development of ability was acquired through practice；while the education and training of farmers and science popularization activities in rural districts belonged to the second kind of situation which improved a farmer's development ability by enlarging his thinking space.