天水市中药材产业供给侧改革之路的思考

REFORM OF THE SUPPLY SIDE OF CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBS INDUSTRY IN TIANSHUI

关键词:  天水市 中药材 产业 供给侧 思考

Key words:  Tianshui  Chinese herbal medicine  industry  supply side

摘要:

［目的］为解决中药材套种立体栽培模式不完善，土地资源利用不充分，植株空间分布不合理的问题，针对我市林缘区面积较大的实际，按照“调结构、保质量、降成本、补短板、创品牌”的总体要求，选择重楼、五味子、猪苓、天麻4种中药材，在中药材立体仿生栽培技术方面进行研究，以期实现天水市中药材由生产大市向产业强市转变，促进农业增效、农民增收。［方法］采取架上五味子，架下重楼，地下猪苓（天麻）的立体仿生种植模式，通过五味子、重楼、猪苓（天麻）立体仿生栽培技术能够实现了优势互补，提高了土地利用率，便于抚育管理，降低了生产经营成本，提高了劳动生产率，实现了同一地块空间资源利用，提高了单位面积的经济效益。［结果］通过5年试验，从产量角度看模式Ⅱ（五味子+重楼+天麻）最优，其次是模式Ⅲ（五味子+重楼+天麻+猪苓）； 从经济效益看模式Ⅰ（五味子+重楼+猪苓）最好，其次是模式Ⅲ。［结论］3种模式均较单种的收益有大幅度提高。

Abstract:

There are many problems in Chinese herbal medicine planting in Tianshui, for example, the planting mode of inter-planting is not perfect, land resources are not used effectively, the spatial distribution of plants is not reasonable. According to the actual condition of the large area of forest edge, in accordance with the general requirements of "adjusting structure, ensuring quality, reducing costs, making up short board, innovating brands", this paper studied the three-dimensional bionic cultivation technology of Chinese herbal medicine, such as Paris, Schisandra, selection Polyporus, Gastrodia elata, in order to achieve the production transformation of Chinese medicinal materials in Tianshui city, promote agricultural efficiency and farmers′ income. The results showed that the three-dimensional bionic cultivation mode, i.e., Schisandra on shelf, Paris under shelf, and Polyporus (Gastrodia) underground, can realize the complementary advantages, improve the land utilization rate, reduce production costs, improve labor productivity, achieve the space resource optimized utilization, and improve the economic benefits. Through the five-year experiment, the model II (Paris+Schisandra+Gastrodia) was the best from the production angle, followed by mode III (Paris+Schisandra+Gastrodia+Polyporus), while the mode I(Paris+Schisandra+Polyporus) was the best, followed by the mode III from the economic angle. It concluded that the three models all had more economic benefits compared to the single planting mode.