城郊村镇景观节点特征主成分分析及综合评价实证研究

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF LANDSCAPE NODE CHARACTERISTICS IN SUBURBAN VILLAGES AND TOWNS

关键词:  村镇 景观节点 视觉特征 评价 五龙背镇

Key words:  towns and villages  natural landscape  visual characteristics  assessment  Wulongbei town

摘要:

［目的］通过评价城郊村镇景观节点特征，获知其内在规律及可应用的一些指标，以期为村镇生态环境建设及景观节点保护提供价值参考。［方法］以全国“美丽乡村”创建试点乡村五龙背镇及周边景观节点为研究对象，通过调查问卷并对数据进行初步统计，采用主成分分析法对其景观节点特征进行分析及评价。［结果］主成分分析表明，将21个特征评价要素分为丰富因子、体量因子、韵律因子、节奏因子、吸引因子及归属因子等6类，其中丰富因子即景观节点的氛围、光感、植被覆盖率、生命力、色彩等载荷值最大，也是村镇景观节点建设的方向及重点内容； 综合评价表明，排名前5位的景观节点19、节点7、节点10、节点6、节点2，共同特点为每个因子的得分都比较高，表现为景色有变化、色彩丰富、层次感、韵律感强。［结论］五龙背镇及周边景观节点特征的6类因子之中，其贡献率排名为丰富因子>体量因子>韵律因子>节奏因子>吸引因子>归属因子； 景观节点排名前5的5个节点均具有植物茂密、层次感、节奏感及韵律感强等特征。

Abstract:

This paper evaluated the characteristics of landscape nodes in suburban villages and towns, and found its inherent law and some indicators, so as to provide valuable reference for ecological environment construction and landscape node protection in villages and towns, using the methods of the questionnaire and the principal component analysis method. The results showed that 21 characteristics of evaluation elements were divided into 6 categories, i.e., rich factor, volume factor, rhythm factor, and attribution factors. The rich factors of the landscape node, such as the atmosphere, light, vegetation coverage, vitality and color value had maximum load, which were the key contents of rural landscape node construction. The top five landscape nodes were 19, node 7, node 10, node 6, and node 2, which showed as scenery change, rich color, texture, strong sense of rhythm. Among 6 factors of node characteristics, the contribution rate ranked as rich factor > volume factor > rhythm factor > belonging factor > attractive factor. The top five landscape nodes had lush vegetation, texture, and rhythm characteristics.