中国水稻加工环节成本结构及影响因素分析

ANALYSIS ON THE COST STRUCTURE AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF RICE PROCESSING IN CHINA

关键词:  水稻加工超越对数成本函数要素份额函数似不相关回归成本竞争力

Key words:  rice processing  translog cost function, factor share function  seemingly unrelated regression  cost competitiveness

摘要:

［目的］“产业兴旺”是乡村振兴战略中的重要内容，探究中国水稻加工环节成本结构及影响因素，对促进我国农业一、二、三产业的融合，实现农业价值链转型升级，提升我国农产价值链竞争力具有重要的意义。［方法］通过微观调研数据，构建超越对数成本函数和要素需求函数，采用似不相关回归法（Seemingly Unrelated Regression）实证分析我国水稻加工厂的成本及要素投入的影响因素。［结果］（1）稻米加工厂存在规模报酬经济，扩大规模可以降低稻米加工平均成本。（2）建立品牌、与农户形成合同关系、鼓励多元主体经营、公司成立时间、企业能够获得政府支持对降低加工厂的平均加工成本具有正向显著影响。（3）建立品牌、与稻农签订合同、企业负责人的年龄、受教育年限越高对提高加工厂资本投入，促进结构升级具有显著影响。［结论］应采取相关政策措施鼓励稻米加工产扩大加工规模，与上下游形成更为紧密的利益共同体，加强稻米加工企业的品牌意识进而提高我国稻米加工产业的成本竞争力，并鼓励具有更为丰富管理经验、接受更高教育水平的管理者担任企业负责人，在促进我国稻米加工行业的升级转型的同时，提高我国稻米副产品的深度开发利用。

Abstract:

Industry prosperity is an important content in the strategy of rural revitalization, it is of great significance to explore the cost structure and influencing factors of China′s rice processing industry, to promote the integration of China′s agricultural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, to realize the transformation and upgrading of China′s agricultural value chain, and to enhance the competitiveness of China′s agricultural value chain. Through microscopic investigation data, we built translog cost function and factor requirements, and used the seemingly unrelated regression method (seemingly unrelated regression) to empirically analyze the factors of China′s rice processing plant cost structure and factor input. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, rice processing plant had the scale economy, and expansion of scale could reduce average rice processing cost. Secondly, to establish a brand, to form the contract relationship with farmers, multiple subjects to encourage business, the company establishing time, the enterprise could get government support for significant influence on the average processing cost reduce plant. Finally, establishing a brand, signing a contract with a rice farmer, the age of the head of the enterprise, and the higher education years had a significant impact on the increase of capital investment in the processing plant and the promotion of structural upgrading. The related policy measures should be taken to encourage rice machining to expand production scale, and form closer community of interests with upstream and downstream, strengthen the brand consciousness of rice processing enterprises, meanwhile, enhance the competitiveness of the cost of rice processing industry in China, and to encourage the managers who has more abundant management experience and higher education level as the head of the enterprise, thus promoting China′s rice processing industry upgrading transformation and enhancing further development and utilization of rice processing by products.