“三权分置”影响农村土地收益分配的机理研究*——基于收益权的视角

RESEARCH ON THE MECHANISM OF THREE RIGHTS SEPARATION IMPACT THE DISTRIBUTION OF RURAL LAND INCOME*——BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF INCOME RIGHTS

关键词:  土地制度三权分置农村土地收益收益分配影响机理

Key words:  land system  separating rural ownership rights, contract rights and management rights  incomes from rural land  distribution of incomes  influence mechanism

摘要:

［目的］通过揭示“三权分置”影响农村土地收益分配的具体机理，可为“三权分置”政策的深入实施与丰富完善提供有效思路。［方法］文献分析法、逻辑分析法和政策文本分析法。［结果］“三权分置”有效推动土地流转之后，由于规模经济实现经营者收益增加； 直接增加承包者流转收益并由于非农就业增加实现承包者工资收益增加； 由于集体经营性建设用地入市实现集体所有权收益增加； 由于宅基地入市实现集体与农民收益增加。“三权分置”保障土地收益权益的机理为：强化土地征用补偿权益保障实现所有者、承包者与经营者财产性收益增加； 强化土地、房屋抵押担保权益保障实现承包者与经营者财产性收益增加； 强化土地经营权益保障实现经营者转移收益增加。“三权分置”可能带来的风险传导机理是：可能导致地权人格化进一步侵犯所有权收益，以及宅基地入市可能导致农民收益分配不均。［结论］基于土地收益权视角，应加快确权、培育新型农业经营主体、推动农村劳动力转移推动土地流转； 完善土地立法，提供法律保障； 重塑农村集体经济组织，落实集体土地收益权利。

Abstract:

By revealing the impact mechanism of three rights separation on the distribution of rural land income, this research provided effective ideas for the further implementation and enrichment of the policy of separating three rights. This study applied literature analysis, logic analysis, and policy text analysis. The results showed that: the three rights separation promotes the land circulation effectively; the scale economy can increase the operator′s income. It can directly increase contractor ′s income on circulation and off-farm employment results in an increase in contractors′ wage earnings; entering the market of collectively-owned construction land to increase collective ownership income; the increase of collective and farmer′s benefits in the market of homestead. The mechanism of the three rights separation to protect the rights and interests of land are following: strengthen the protection of land acquisition compensation rights and interests to increase the property income of owners, contractors, and operators; strengthen the protection of land, house mortgage guarantee rights, and increase the property income of contractors and operators. The possible risk transmission mechanism that leading to the personalization of land rights will further infringe on the ownership income and the entry of housing land into the market may lead to uneven income distribution of farmers. From the perspective of land income rights, we should accelerate the determination of rights, cultivate new agricultural business entities, promote the transfer of rural labor, and promote land circulation; improve land legislation and provide legal guarantees; reshape rural collective economic organizations and implement collective land income rights.