我国肉牛产业发展现状、问题及对策建议*——基于对四川和云南的实地调研

STATUS QUO, PROBLEMS AND POLICY SUGGESTIONS OF CHINA′S BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY*——BASED ON SURVERYS IN SICHUAN AND YUNNAN PROVINCE

关键词:  肉牛产业现状问题对策建议扶持政策

Key words:  beef cattle industry  status quo  problems  policy suggestions  supportive policy

摘要:

［目的］肉牛产业作为畜牧业发展的重要组成部分，是提升区域经济发展水平、农户增收的有效路径，是实现人民对美好生活向往目标的基础保障。为充分了解我国肉牛产业发展形势，把握肉牛产业面临的突出问题与现实约束，深入四川和云南开展实地调研。［方法］文章主要采用实地调查法，通过与畜牧主管部门及养殖场（户）等进行访谈及问卷调查，了解四川省和云南省肉牛生产形势及面临的问题。［结果］不同地区肉牛生产及屠宰交易形势差异明显，价格全面上涨推动养殖效益持续向好，对边境走私打击力度加大，肉牛养殖模式不断创新； 但当前肉牛产业仍面临环保压力大、基础母畜存栏下降、养殖技术水平低、市场监管机制不健全、政策扶持力度不够等突出问题。［结论］最后针对这些问题，从优化环保措施，支持母牛养殖，提高养殖技术，强化市场监管力度，完善肉牛扶持政策及金融保险制度，充分利用边境国家母牛资源等6个方面提出对策建议。

Abstract:

As an important part of the development of animal husbandry, beef cattle industry is an effective way to improve the level of regional economic development and increase the income of farmers. It is also the basic guarantee to realize people′s yearning for a better life. In order to make clear of the development situation of China′s beef cattle industry and figure out the problems and constraints faced by the beef cattle industry, our study carried out field research in Sichuan and Yunnan province. The beef cattle industry information of production situation and problems in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces were obtained through communicated with local animal husbandry department and farms (households). There were obvious differences in the situation of beef cattle production and slaughter trade in different regions. The overall increasing in price promoted the improvement of breeding benefits. The crackdown on border smuggling was intensified. However, the beef cattle industry was still faced with prominent problems as high pressure on environmental protection, declining stock of basic female livestock, low level of breeding technology, imperfect market supervision mechanism and insufficient policy support. Finally, to solve these problems, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from six aspects, including optimizing environmental protection measures, supporting cow breeding, improving breeding technology, strengthening market supervision, improving beef cattle support policies and financial insurance system, and making full use of cow resources in border countries.