耕地细碎化对农户劳动生产率影响的空间计量分析

SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CULTIVATED LAND FRAGMENTATION ON FARMERS′ LABOR PRODUCTIVITY

关键词:  耕地细碎化  劳动生产率  空间计量模型  农户  湖北

Key words:  cultivated land fragmentation  labor productivity  spatial econometric model  farmers  Hubei

摘要:

目的 耕地细碎化是制约现代农业发展的重要因素之一，探讨耕地细碎化与农户劳动生产率的空间关系，为小农经济与现代农业协调发展提供借鉴。方法 文章以湖北省江夏区等4区县为研究区域，基于农户调查数据首先运用空间自相关模型判断农户劳动生产率在地理空间上是否存在空间集聚，而后运用空间滞后模型（SLM）和空间误差模型（SEM）从乡镇层面上计量分析耕地细碎化对农户劳动生产率的影响。结果 （1）农户劳动生产率在地理空间上具有显著的正向空间溢出效应；（2）耕地细碎化与农户劳动生产率呈显著的空间负相关关系；（3）农户特征及耕地生产环境特征对农户劳动生产率具有显著的影响，具体表现为：农业劳动力平均年龄和非农收入比重均与农户劳动生产率呈显著的空间负相关关系，而农机服务率、耕地规模及耕地质量均与农户劳动生产率呈显著的空间正相关关系。结论 应因地分类治理耕地细碎化，加强农户间的信息交流平台建设，促进耕地资源向有长期稳定务农意愿的种植大户流转，加强农业生产社会化服务体系建设，进而提高农户劳动生产率。

Abstract:

Cultivated land fragmentation is an important factor restricting the development of modern agriculture. This paper explores the spatial relationship between cultivated land fragmentation and farmers′ labor productivity, and provides reference for the coordinated development of small-scale peasant economy and modern agriculture. Taking four districts and counties in Hubei province as the research area, based on the survey data of farmers, the spatial autocorrelation model was used to determine whether there was spatial agglomeration of farmers′ labor productivity in the geographic space, and then spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM) were employed to quantitatively analyze the impact of cultivated land fragmentation on farmers′ labor productivity at the township level under the two spatial weight matrices of geographical adjacency and geographical distance. The results showed that: (1) The farmers′ labor productivity had significant positive spatial spillover effect in geographic space. (2) There was a significant negative spatial correlation between cultivated land fragmentation and farmers′ labor productivity. (3) The characteristics of farmers and cultivated land production environment had significant effects on farmers′ labor productivity. Specifically, the average age of agricultural labor force and the proportion of non-agricultural income were significantly negatively correlated with farmers′ labor productivity, while the service rate of agricultural machinery, the scale of cultivated land and the quality of cultivated land were significantly positively correlated with farmers′ labor productivity. Therefore, in order to improve farmers′ labor productivity, we should classify and govern the cultivated land fragmentation according to the region conditions especially the topographic and geomorphological characteristics, strengthen the construction of information exchange platform among farmers, promote the transfer of cultivated land resources to large farmers with long-term and stable farming intentions, strengthen the construction of socialized service system of agricultural production.