城乡一体化发展效率的测度及其分析以中部地区为例

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT EFFCIENCY OF URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION*——A CASE STUDY OF CENTRAL CHINA

关键词:  中部地区  城乡一体化  效率  EBM模型  非期望产出

Key words:  central China  urban-rural integration  efficiency  EBM model  unexpected output

摘要:

目的 研究中部地区城乡一体化发展效率，为中部地区推进城乡一体化建设，实现城乡融合发展提供政策建议。方法 文章采用EBM模型克服DEA法和SBM超效率模型的不足来测度中部地区城乡一体化发展效率。结果 （1）整体来看，中部地区城乡一体化发展效率随着时间的变化整体呈现出较为平稳的上升趋势，但中部地区城乡一体化发展效率值仍然不高，中部地区城乡一体化进程中的投入水平较低，投入结构不太合理，期望产出较低，非期望产出仍然较高；（2）省域来看，中部地区6省城乡一体化发展效率均呈现出整体上升趋势，增幅较为明显，其中江西城乡一体化发展效率上升态势最明显，高于其他5省，2015年江西城乡一体化发展效率值最大，安徽次之，山西最小；（3）进一步利用变异系数计算发现，中部地区城乡一体化发展效率的省域差异较为明显，但呈收敛趋势。结论 （1）中部地区及其城乡一体化发展效率较低的省域需加大城乡一体化投入，优化投入结构；（2）完善生态环境保护相关制度和法律法规，提高环境规制水平，加大生态环境保护力度，推进中部地区城乡一体化绿色发展、循环发展和低碳发展，降低非期望产出；（3）深化城乡二元制度改革，建立统一、开放的城乡金融、土地与劳动力市场、完善城乡居民收入分配体制，缩小城乡收入差距、缓解城乡基础设施、公共服务、财政支出等各种不平衡现象、推进新型城镇化，强化城镇化对农村的带动作用，提高城乡一体化进程中的期望产出。

Abstract:

This research aims to study the development efficiency of urban-rural integration in central China, and provide policy recommendations for promoting construction of urban-rural integration and enhancing urban-rural integration development in central China. EBM model was used to complement and remedy the shortcomings of DEA and SBM super-efficiency models in measuring the development efficiency of urban-rural integration in central China. Overall, while the development efficiency of urban-rural integration in the central China region exhibited a relatively stable upward trend over time, the development efficiency level of urban-rural integration was still not high, the input level utilized in the process of urban-rural integration was low, the input structure was not as reasonable as to be desired, the expected output remained low, and the unexpected output was still high. At the individual provincial level, the development efficiency of urban-rural integration in the six provinces all showed an overall upward trend, and the increase was evidently clear. Jiangxi province showed the highest development efficiency of urban-rural integration, distinctively higher than the other five provinces. In terms of the efficient level of urban-rural integration, Jiangxi had the largest value of efficiency in 2015, followed by Anhui, and Shanxi had the smallest value of efficiency. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation statistics revealed significant differences in the development efficiency of urban-rural integration among provinces in the central China region, although such provincial differences were narrowing. The conclusion of this research are indicated as follows. It is imperative for the central China regions and its provinces with low development efficiency of urban-rural integration to increase investment in urban-rural integration and optimize investment structure. Other policies or measures to improve and raise the development efficiency of urban-rural integration are recommended as follows: improve the relevant systems and laws and regulations of ecological environment protection; improve the level of environmental regulation and increase the intensity of ecological environment protection to promote green development, cyclical development and low-carbon development of urban-rural integration in the region and to reduce unexpected output; deepen the reform of urban-rural dual system by establishing a unified and open urban-rural finance, land and labor market, and improving the income distribution system of urban and rural residents, so as to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and to alleviate various imbalances in aspects such as urban-rural infrastructure, public services and financial expenditure; promote new urbanization, strengthen the driving role of urbanization in rural areas, and improve the expected output in the process of urban-rural integration.