不同经营规模农户杂粮生产技术效率研究以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF FARMERS’ COARSE CEREALS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SCALES*——A CASE STUDY OF LIANGSHAN YI AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE IN SICHUAN PROVINCE

关键词:  经营规模  杂粮生产  技术效率  三阶段DEA模型  四川省

Key words:  management scale  coarse cereals production  technical efficiency  three-stage DEA model  Sichuan province

摘要:

目的 杂粮产业对我国中西部地区特色农业发展有重要意义。贫困地区杂粮生产粗放，技术落后的现状要求农户合理扩大经营规模，提高杂粮生产技术效率，进而带动当地杂粮产业发展，提高贫困地区农户收入。方法 文章基于四川省凉山彝族自治州348户农户的微观数据，运用三阶段DEA模型准确评价了不同经营规模农户杂粮生产技术效率，并探究环境变量对技术效率的影响。结果 （1）农户总体的杂粮生产技术效率处于低效率水平。技术效率随经营规模增大而增大，杂粮生产存在规模效应。纯技术效率是小规模农户杂粮生产的优势所在。（2）剔除环境因素和随机因素后，农户杂粮生产的纯技术效率提高，规模效率降低，表明规模效率是制约杂粮生产技术效率的主要因素。（3）在影响技术效率的环境变量中，家庭平均受教育年限、先进播种技术和参与技术培训是有利因素，家庭人均纯收入、农业补贴和机械化生产是不利因素。结论 提高农户杂粮生产技术效率需合理扩大经营规模，加强农村基础教育，健全技术服务体系，扩大杂粮补贴范围，提高农机服务水平，延长杂粮产业链条。

Abstract:

In Central and Western China, the coarse cereals industry is of considerable significance to the development of characteristic agriculture. In poverty-stricken areas, the production of coarse cereals is extensive, and the technology is backward. Farmers are necessitated by these current situations to expand their management scales reasonably, improve the technical efficiency of coarse cereals production, and then drive the development of the local coarse cereals industry as well as increase the farmers′ income in poverty-stricken areas. Based on the microdata of 348 households in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province, this paper precisely evaluated the technical efficiency of coarse cereals production of farmers in different management scales by using the three-stage DEA model, and investigated the influence of environmental variables on the technical efficiency of coarse cereals production. The results of this research indicated that: (1) Generally, the technical efficiency of farmers′ coarse cereals production was low. The technical efficiency of coarse cereals production increased with the scale of management, and there was a scale effect on coarse cereals production. The pure technical efficiency was the advantage of small-scale farmers in coarse cereals production. (2) The pure technical efficiency of farmers′ coarse cereals production increased while the scale efficiency decreased after eliminating environmental factors and random factors. This indicated that the main factor restricting the technical efficiency of farmers′ coarse cereals production was the scale efficiency. (3)The favorable factors that significantly impacted the technical efficiency of coarse cereals production among the environmental variables were the average years of education of households, the advanced seeding technology, and the participation in technical training of farmers. The unfavorable factors included the per capita net income of households, the agricultural subsidies, and the use of machinery. In conclusion, improving the technical efficiency of farmers′ coarse cereals production requires that the following to be done, expanding the scale of management reasonably, strengthening basic education in rural areas, and improving the technical service system. It further necessitates an expansion of the scope of subsidies for coarse cereals, improvement of the level of agricultural machinery services, and an extension of the industry chain of coarse cereals.