项目制扶贫下农户生计资本与生计策略研究基于新疆疏勒县的调查数据

STUDY ON LIVELIHOOD CAPITAL AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY OF FARMERS UNDER THE PROJECT SYSTEM OF POVERTY ALLEVIATIONBASED ON SURVEY DATA OF XINJIANG SHULE COUNTY

关键词:  农户  生计资本  生计策略  项目制  精准扶贫  民族贫困地区

Key words:  farmer  livelihood capital  livelihood strategy  project system  precise poverty alleviation  ethnic poverty areas

摘要:

目的 探究贫困农户生计资本变化及其与生计策略关系，有助于民族贫困地区项目制扶贫的精准实施，对调整生计资本结构，维持农户可持续生计，促进民族贫困地区稳定脱贫，实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。方法 文章基于新疆疏勒县225户调查问卷数据，测算精准扶贫项目实施前后生计资本变化，并构建多元无序Logistic模型探讨其对生计策略选择的影响。结果 精准扶贫项目实施后，农户生计资本水平整体得以提高，生计资本结构有所改善，但是各项生计资本发展不均衡，生计脆弱性依旧存在；同时生计资本是决定农户选择生计策略的重要影响因素，自然资本是决定农户选择纯农型生计策略的基础，而金融、人力、社会、物质、民族文化等资本决定了该地区农户生计策略由纯农型向非农型的转变。结论 政府需要加大自然、物质、社会、教育等生计资本方面的扶贫项目投入、提升农民组织化水平、注重金融资本、民族文化资本等生计资本方面扶贫项目投入的精准化并加大监控力度以维持贫困农户生计可持续发展。

Abstract:

Exploring the change of livelihood capital of poor farmers and the relationship between the change of livelihood capital of poor farmers and the livelihood strategy of them is conducive to the accurate implementation of project poverty alleviation in ethnic poor areas. And it is of great significance to adjust the livelihood capital structure, maintain the sustainable livelihood of rural farmers, promote the stable poverty alleviation in ethnic poor areas, and achieve rural revitalization. Based on the questionnaire data of 225 farmers in Shule county of Xinjiang, this paper calculated the change of livelihood capital before and after the implementation of precision poverty alleviation project, and built a multivariate disordered logistic model to explore the influence of livelihood capital change on livelihood strategy selection. After the implementation of the precision poverty alleviation project, the livelihood capital level of rural farmers raised as a whole. And the livelihood capital structure improved, too. However, the development of various livelihood capitals was uneven, and the livelihood vulnerability existed. At the same time, the livelihood capital was the important factor to decide the farmers′ livelihood strategy, and natural capital was the foundation to decide farmers′ choice of pour agriculture livelihood strategy. While financial capital, human capital, social capital, material capital, national culture capital and other capitals determined the transformation of farmers′ livelihood strategy from pure agriculture to non-agriculture. So, the government needs to increase the investment in poverty alleviation projects of natural capital, material capital, social capital, educational capital and so on, improve the level of farmers′ organization, pay attention to the precision of the investment in poverty alleviation projects of financial capital, ethnic cultural capital and other livelihood capitals, and strengthen the monitoring to maintain the sustainable development of poor farmers′ livelihood.