SLA框架下生计资本影响山区农户分化的机理与实证研究以广西山区农户为例

THE MECHANISM AND EMPIRICAL STUDY OF LIVELIHOOD CAPITAL’S IMPACT ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF FARMERS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA UNDER SLA FRAMEWORKA CASE STUDY OF FARMERS IN GUANGXI MOUNTAINOUS AREA

关键词:  可持续生计  生计资本  生计策略  农户分化  广西

Key words:  sustainable livelihood  livelihood capital  livelihood strategy  peasant household differentiation  Guangxi

摘要:

目的 基于可持续生计分析（SLA）框架，对生计资本影响山区农户分化进行深入研究，为职业分化背景下促进农户多渠道创收以及实现山区乡村振兴提供参考。方法 文章运用比较分析法、多值选择模型，以广西山区的540家农户为研究对象，探讨农户职业分化的影响因素。结果 研究结果表明，社会资本有助于纯农户与非农农户向以农为主的兼业农户分化；自然资本丰裕更能吸引农户向纯农户或以农为主的兼业分化；增加金融资本有助于兼业农户专注于农业生产，也促使非农经营主体投身于农业经营；物质资本影响农户向纯农户或以非农为主的兼业农户转变；拥有自身务工经历的农民更易于选择以农为主的兼业形态，对农民进行农业技术培训因提升其农业生产经营能力从而有助于他们投身于农业生产；生计资本影响农户分化的程度因距离中心市场的远近而存在差异。结论 生计资本影响农户向不同类型的职业进行分化，应从鼓励农户兼业化实现收入多元化以及鼓励乡村精英返乡创业的视角，适应不同类型农户分化需要，为调整农户生计资本，维持生计可持续性提供必要的决策支持和政策保障。

Abstract:

Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis, this study aims to examine the impact of livelihood capital on differentiation of farmers in mountainous areas, so as to provide reference to promote the multi-channel income generation of farmers and realize the revitalization of rural areas in mountainous areas under the background of occupational differentiation.Using the comparative analysis methods and the multi-value selection model, this paper took 540 farmers from mountainous areas of Guangxi as the research object, and explored the factors that affected the professional differentiation of farmers. The empirical results showed that social capital could help pure and non-agricultural farmers differentiate into part-time farmers who were mainly engaged in agriculture.Abundant natural capital could attract farmers to differentiate into pure farmers or part-time farmers. Increasing financial capital could help part-time farmers focus on agricultural production, and also promote non-agricultural operations to engage in agricultural production.Material capital affected the transformation of farmers into pure farmers or non-agricultural part-time farmers.Farmers who had their own work experience were more likely to choose the part-time form of agriculture,and agricultural technology training for farmers could improve their agricultural production and operating ability, then help them engage in agricultural production.The extent to which the livelihood capital affected the differentiation of farmers varied due to the distance from the central market.Our findings concludes that livelihood capital will affect the differentiation of farmers in different types of occupations.From the perspective of encouraging farmers to work part-time, achieving income diversification and encouraging rural elites to return home to start businesses, we should adapt to the differentiation needs of different types of farmers and provide support necessary for decision-making and policy assurance to adjust farmers' livelihood capital and maintaining the sustainability of their livelihoods.