基于生态系统服务价值的生态足迹计算与分析以玛纳斯河流域为例

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUEA CASE STUDY OF THE MANAS RIVER BASIN

关键词:  生态系统服务价值  生态足迹  玛纳斯河流域  敏感性指数  均衡因子  产量因子

Key words:  ecosystem service value  ecological footprint  Manas river basin  coefficient of sensitive  equilibrium factors  yield factors

摘要:

目的 传统生态足迹模型忽视了生态系统功能的多样性，难以追踪生态服务价值的流动规律，从生态系统服务角度展开生态足迹研究，以期为生态足迹模型的改进提供思路和参考。方法 文章基于生态足迹和生态系统服务价值两大理论，构建了基于生态系统服务价值的生态足迹模型，并以生态脆弱区——玛纳斯河流域为靶区进行了分析。结果 玛纳斯河流域均衡因子和产量因子均存在年际变化，前者的多年平均值中水域（16.87）＞林地（4.62）＞能源用地（1.39）＞草地（1.37）＞耕地=建设用地（1.07）＞未利用地（0.30），后者的多年平均值中耕地=建设用地（1.42）＞水域（1.31）＞林地（1.04）＞草地（0.95）＞未利用地（0.45）；玛纳斯河流域生态足迹呈明显的不均衡增长，生态赤字不断扩大，流域生态足迹增速达0.48×10⁶hm²/年，生态承载力在均值3.68×10⁶hm²附近波动，生态赤字年均增速为-0.47×10⁶hm²/年，其中草地和能源用地占比高、增速快，贡献了流域近85%的生态足迹；当量因子对流域的测算结果较为关键，敏感性指数结果显示生态足迹和生态承载力的CS值分别为0和1，生态赤字的CS值由1.78降至0.26，除草地生态赤字的CS值在2010年、2015年和2018年＜1外，其余地类始终≥1。结论 与传统生态足迹模型相比，基于生态系统服务价值的生态足迹模型具有强调生态系统服务功能的多样性、生态承载力核算内容更加丰富准确、模型参数本地化增强了普适性等优势。研究结果可为玛纳斯河流域的生态建设提供依据，同时有助于完善生态足迹的相关研究。

Abstract:

The traditional ecological footprint model ignores the diversity of ecosystem functions, and it is difficult to track the flow law of ecological service value. Ecological footprint research from the perspective of ecosystem services can provide an idea to inform the improvement of ecological footprint model. Based on the two theories of ecological footprint and ecosystem service value, this study constructed an ecological footprint model, and took the Manas River Basin, a typical ecologically fragile area in China, as the target area to analyze ecological footprint. Inter-annual changes were evident in both the equilibrium factor and the yield factor in the Manas River Basin. Among the average values of the former, water area (16.87) > forest land (4.62) > energy land (1.39) > grassland (1.37) > cultivated land = construction land (1.07) > unused land (0.30). In the latter, cultivated land = construction land (1.42) > water area (1.31) > forest land (1.04) > grassland (0.95) > unused land (0.45). The results also revealed obvious uneven growth of the ecological footprint of the Manas River Basin and the continued expansion of the ecological deficit. The ecological footprint of the basin had grown at a rate of 0.48×10⁶ hm²/year, the ecological capacity fluctuated around an average of 3.68×10⁶ hm², and the average annual growth rate of ecological deficit was -0.47×10⁶ hm²/year. Grassland and energy land accounted for a high proportion and had grown rapidly, contributing nearly 85% of the ecological footprint of the basin. Thirdly, the equivalent factor was critical for the calculation results of the basin. Coefficient of sensitive (CS) results revealed CS value of the ecological footprint and ecological capacity of 0 and 1, respectively. Except for the grass land ecological deficit CS value < 1 in 2010, 2015, and 2018, the other land types were ≥ 1. Finally, compared with the traditional ecological footprint model, the advantages of the ecological footprint model based on the value of ecosystem services includes emphasizing the diversity of ecosystem service functions, enriching the content of ecological capacity accounting, and enhancing the universality of model parameters localization. The research results provide a basis for the ecological construction of the Manas River Basin and will help to improve the related ecological footprint research.