土地流转对农民创业的影响研究基于社会资本的调节作用分析

THE IMPACT OF LAND TRANSFER ON FARMERS’ENTREPRENEURSHIPAN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

关键词:  土地流转  农民创业  社会资本  整合型社会资本  跨越型社会资本

Key words:  land transfer  farmers' entrepreneurship  social capital  the integrating social capital  the bridging social capital

摘要:

目的 土地细碎化与传统分散式经营一定程度阻碍了农业适度规模经营与农民创业，探索土地流转对农民创业的影响，对加速农业现代化发展、实现农民增收具有重要意义。方法 文章阐释土地流转影响农民创业的机理，并依据陕西、宁夏、山东3省（区）1 947份农户调研数据，运用Probit模型实证检验土地流转对农民创业的影响，同时进一步测度社会资本是否发挥调节作用。结果 （1）转入土地正向促进农民创业基本决策，而转出土地负向抑制农民创业基本决策，显著性水平分别为1%和5%。（2）进一步划分创业类型后显示，转入土地能显著促进农民开展涉农创业，而转出土地能促进农民开展非农创业。（3）社会资本的调节作用显著，具体表现为，整合型社会资本在转入土地影响涉农创业中发挥调节作用，而跨越型社会资本在转出土地影响非农创业中发挥调节作用。结论 因此，建议持续推进土地流转政策的深化改革，确保从土地流转到农民创业的顺利衔接；加强农民创业培训体系建设，考核培训后的效益效果，通过提升培训质量助推农民创业；鼓励农民增强社交意识，灵活运用社会网络获取资源，并通过积极社交打通阶级壁垒、促进信息流动，加速创业的开展。

Abstract:

The fragmentation of land and the traditional decentralized management hinders the moderate scale operation of agriculture and the feasibility of farmers' entrepreneurship. Based on this phenomenon, an in-depth discussion of the impact of the land transfer on farmers' entrepreneurship is of great significance for accelerating agricultural modernization and promoting farmers' income. This article explained how land transfer affected farmers' entrepreneurship. Based on survey data collected from 1 947 farmers from Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Shandong provinces, a Probit model was used to analyze the impact of the land transfer on farmers' entrepreneurship. At the same time, it tested whether the social capital of farmers could play a moderating effect on the impact of the land transfer on farmers' entrepreneurship. The study results showed that: (1) Transferring into land greatly promoted farmers to engage in entrepreneurial activities. On the contrary, transferring out of land restricted farmers from engaging in entrepreneurial activities significantly. The significance levels were 1% and 5%, respectively. (2) After further classifying the types of farmer' entrepreneurship, the results showed that transferring into land effectively promoted farmers to carry out entrepreneurial activities related to agriculture. At the same time, the farmers who were transferring out of land were more inclined to carry out entrepreneurial activities in non-agricultural fields. (3) What's more, the social capital of farmers could play a moderating effect on the impact of the land transfer on entrepreneurial activities. Specially speaking, for farmers who were transferring into land, if they had more integrating social capital, it would be easier for them to carry out some entrepreneurial activities in agriculture-related fields. However, for farmers who were transferring out of land, if they had more bridging social capital, their non-agricultural entrepreneurial activities would be easier to carry out. Therefore, some policy recommendations are listed as follows. Firstly, it should continue to deepen the reform of the land transfer policy to ensure the smooth transition of farmers from participating in land transfer to implementing entrepreneurship. Secondly, it should strengthen the construction of a training system for farmers' entrepreneurship vigorously, and actively assess the effectiveness of training and promote the development of farmers' entrepreneurial activities by improving the quality of training. Finally, it should encourage farmers to increase their social awareness and make flexible use of social networks to obtain resources. Through active social interaction to breakthrough class barriers, promote the flow of information among different classes, ultimately promoting the development of farmers' entrepreneurship.