迁居补偿、生计转型能力与城镇化意愿基于民族地区农牧交错区实证研究

RELOCATION COMPENSATION, LIVELIHOOD TRANSFORMATION ABILITY AND URBANIZATION WILLINGNESS *——AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BASED ON SURVEY DATA FROM AGRO-PASTORAL ECOTONE IN ETHNIC AREAS

关键词:  城镇化意愿  生计转型能力  迁居补偿  影响因素  农牧交错区

Key words:  urbanization willingness  livelihood transformation ability  relocation compensation  influencing factors  agro-pastoral ecotone

摘要:

目的 城镇化是人的城镇化，农民的城镇化意愿直接影响着城镇化进程。方法 文章基于内蒙古农牧交错区的648份问卷调查数据，采用Logistic模型从迁居补偿与生计转型能力角度分析农民城镇化意愿的影响因素。结果 农户和牧户的城镇化意愿率分别为46.12%和30.46%，迁居补偿和生计转型能力对农民城镇化意愿有显著影响，但农户和牧户存在显著性差异；从迁居补偿角度来看，农民“两地”退出补偿偏好存在差异，对承包地退出偏好“货币化补偿”方式，对宅基地退出偏好“实物置换”和“分期补偿”方式；从生计转型能力角度来看，影响农民城镇化意愿的变量有非农工作经验和收入来源等。结论 构建合理的迁居补偿机制，实施以小城镇为依托的“就近城镇化”，加快农民进入城镇的生计转型是促进其城镇化的有效对策。

Abstract:

New-type urbanization is for the people, the willingness of rural residents directly affects the urbanization process. Based on the 648 questionnaires survey data of agro-pastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia, this paper analyzed the urbanization willingness of rural residents and its influencing factors by the Logistic model from the perspective of relocation compensation and livelihood transformation ability. Results showed that the urbanization willingness rates of farming and grazing households were 46.12% and 30.46%, respectively, the variables of relocation compensation and livelihood transformation ability had significant influence on the urbanization willingness of rural residents, but influencing factors that affected the transfer willingness of the farming and grazing households were different. From the perspective of relocation compensation, rural residents for the “dual” exit compensation preference was different, they preferred monetary compensation on contracted exit. As for the homestead, rural residents were more preferring the compensation of “physical replacement” and “installment compensation”. From the perspective of livelihood transformation ability, non-agricultural work experience and income source, etc. had an impact on rural residents’ willingness to move. Therefore, it is an effective countermeasure to promote the urbanization of rural residents by promoting the construction of a reasonable relocation compensation mechanism, and improving the urbanization ability of rural residents.