草原蘑菇圈生态学研究进展

ADVANCE INECOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF FAIRY RINGS IN GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM

关键词:  草原生态系统  蘑菇圈  大型真菌  土壤微生物  土壤理化性质

Key words:  grassland ecosystem  fairy ring  macrofungi  soil microbial  soil physical and chemical properties

摘要:

目的 蘑菇圈真菌是草原生态系统的重要组成部分，作为分解者参与草原生态系统的物质循环与能量流动，也是重要的生物多样性资源，具有重要的食用及药用价值。文章梳理了涉及草原蘑菇圈特征、机理和影响等研究文献，总结了近年来的研究成果，提出了今后研究设想，为后续研究提供一定的参考。方法 按照“蘑菇圈分布、类型、机制以及其对植物、土壤和微生物的作用”这一逻辑，以文献综述法对相关文献进行综述。结果 通过对现有国内外文献进行系统梳理，总结了草原蘑菇圈的类型和分布，蘑菇圈发育的生理生态学机理，蘑菇圈对牧草产量和品质的影响以及其对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物的影响。结论 蘑菇圈是植物，土壤和真菌/微生物三者之间相互作用的结果，蘑菇圈真菌直接或间接改变了土壤理化性质，微生物群落及酶活性，并可通过化感作用或与植物间形成菌根/寄生关系，其分泌物或裂解后的产物刺激植物生长或杀灭植物，从而促进或抑制植物生长。

Abstract:

Fairy rings are a natural phenomenon that exhibits circular patterns on turfgrass, pasture, or meadows due to interaction between basidiomycete fungi and plants.The fungi in fairy rings participate in organic matter decomposition and energy flow in grassland ecosystems,playing an important role in maintaining biodiversity and medicinal resources. In this paper,we comprehensively reviewed the research of phenomenon, mechanism and influence about fairy rings conducted in recent years, proposed further research directions, and provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research.In accordance with the logic of “distribution, types, mechanism of fairy rings and influence on plant, soil and microorganism”, we systematically collected the papers published in Chinese and international journals that reported the types and distribution status of fairy rings in the grassland, the physiological and ecological mechanism, the influence of fairy rings on forage yield and nutritional quality, as well as the influence of fairy rings on the soil physical and chemical properties, and soil microorganisms. According to our literature review, we conclude that the fairy rings are caused by the interaction between plants, soil, and fungi/microbes. The fairy rings fungi directly or indirectly change the physical and chemical properties of soil, microbial community, and enzyme activity. Additionally, their secretions or lysed products can stimulate plant growth or kill plants through allelopathic effects or the formation of mycorrhizal/parasitic relationship with plants, and therefore promote or inhibit plant growth.The development and distribution pattern of fairy rings reflect the comprehensive impact of climate change and human activities on ecosystems and has certain guiding significance for the changes in grassland ecological environments.The effects of fairy rings on plant individual functional traits and ecosystem functions, such as nutrient distribution pattern and photosynthesis are still unclear. Human activities such as grazing, enclosure and cutting have serious impacts on fairy ring fungi and their environment. For better understanding the development, succession, and mechanisms and processes of fairy rings, long-term positioning monitoring and experiments need to be established.