都市郊区农地规模经营综合效益分析——基于北京市规模经营主体的多案例研究

COMPREHENSIVE BENEFITS OF SCALE FARMING IN METROPOLITAN SUBURBS——AMULTI-CASE STUDY OF BEIJING

关键词:  都市  农地规模经营  经济效益  生态效益  社会效益

Key words:  metropolis  scale farming  economic benefit  ecological benefit  social benefit

摘要:

目的 规模经营是破解“小规模、分散化”农地经营格局的关键举措，考察农地规模经营的综合效益对推进农业现代化具有重要意义。方法 文章以规模经营主体为研究对象，通过采用多案例研究法，分析农业龙头企业、合作社及家庭农场3种不同类型主体的农地规模经营综合效益。结果 尽管不同类型规模经营主体各有特点，但都能实现规模经营经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。规模经营过程中，农业龙头企业仍面临土地和劳动力成本居高不下问题，合作社存在与小农户链接松散问题，家庭农场面临资金不足问题，各主体皆未能实现一二三产融合发展。结论 建议改善农业龙头企业外部环境，开展租金和就业支持补贴；规范合作社运营，提高小农户参与度；帮助家庭农场进行品牌塑造，提高家庭农场核心竞争力；大力推进一二三产融合发展，开展多形式培训、考核。

Abstract:

Scale farmingis the key measure to solve the problem of small-scale operation and land fragmentation. It is of great significance to investigate the comprehensive benefits of scale farming for promoting agricultural modernization. Focusing on the scale farming operators, the comprehensive benefits of three major operators-the agricultural leading company(ALC), the Coops and the family farm, are studied by multi-cases. The results showed that, though these three types of scale farming operators had different characteristics, all of them could achieve the goals of economic, ecological and social benefits. However, during scale farming, the ALC faced the problems of high cost of land and labor, the Coops could not build tight links with small farmers, the family farms faced insufficient capital, and all three types of operators failed to achieve the integration operation. Based on the above analysis, some suggestions are provided.Business environment should be improved and the high land rent and labor cost faced by leading company should be considered in government policy. The Coops should be standardized and promoted to attract more small farmers, the family farm should be supported to build their brands and increase market competitiveness, and finally, the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries should be improved vigorously and various forms of training and assessment should be provided to different scale farming operators.