快速城镇化背景下北京市乡村人居环境研究

STUDY ON RURAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT IN BEIJING UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF RAPID URBANIZATION*

关键词:  人居环境  “三生”空间  演变  空间格局  北京市

Key words:  living environment  "production-living-ecological" space  evolution  spatial pattern  Beijing

摘要:

目的 基于“三生”空间理论建立北京市乡村人居环境评价指标体系，对其演变发展趋势进行系统分析，并分别从不同功能区和各区层面，对其人居环境空间格局进行评价，探析北京市乡村人居环境优化策略。方法 文章通过分析“三生”空间系统与人居环境系统演变的关联性，构建乡村人居环境评价指标体系，以北京市各区为研究单元，并基于GIS10.2平台分析其空间格局。结果 （1）各区域三生空间变化趋势：海淀区、朝阳区、丰台区等城市功能区的耕地面积所占比重较小，且呈快速下降趋势，生产发展空间在不断缩小；顺义区、大兴区、通州区、房山区等城市拓展区的耕地面积所占比重较大，其中大兴区和顺义区耕地面积有所增加。（2）北京市乡村人居环境评价结果：城市功能区>生态涵养区>功能拓展区。其中生产发展空间的高值区集中在生态涵养区；社会保障空间则与经济发展水平相关，城市功能区对其具有明显的辐射和带动作用；生态环境空间的高值区则集中在自然景观资源丰富的生态涵养区。结论 2011—2021年北京乡村人居环境容量先表现为逐步变大的趋势，后表现为乡村人居环境容量下降趋势。生产和生态空间以生态涵养区为主，生活空间中距离城市功能区较近的区域，依靠其优越的区位条件和经济基础使得其社会保障空间明显高于远离功能区的区域。

Abstract:

This paper establishes an evaluation index system of rural human settlements environment in Beijing based on the "production-living-ecological" space theory, systematically analyzes its evolution and development trend, evaluates the spatial pattern of human settlements environment from different functional areas and district levels, and explores the optimization strategy of rural living environment in Beijing. By analyzing the correlation between the evolution of the "production-living-ecological" spatial system and the human settlement environment system, a rural human settlement environment evaluation index system was constructed, and each district in Beijing was taken as the research unit, and its spatial pattern was analyzed based on the GIS10.2 platform. (1) The trend of the "production-living-ecological" spatial changes in each region were showed as follows. The proportion of cultivated land in Haidian district, Chaoyang district, Fengtai district and other urban functional areas was small, showing the rapid decline trend, and the space for production and development was shrinking. And Shunyi district, Daxing district, Tongzhou district, Fangshan district and other urban expansion areas accounted for a large proportion of cultivated land area, of which Daxing district and Shunyi district had increased. (2) The evaluation results of rural human settlements in Beijing: urban functional area>ecological conservation area>functional expansion area. The high value area of production development space was concentrated in the ecological conservation area. The social security space was related to the level of economic development, and the urban functional areas had obvious radiation and driving effects on it. And the high value area of ecological environment space was concentrated in the ecological conservation area with rich natural landscape resources. It concluded that from 2011 to 2021, the capacity of rural human settlements in Beijing first increased gradually, and then decreased. The production and ecological space is mainly ecological conservation area. The area close to the urban functional area in the living space, relying on its superior location conditions and economic foundation, makes its social security space significantly higher than the area far away from the functional area.