农户农业碳排放效率差异及多层次影响因素——以陕西省米脂县为例

DIFFERENCES IN CARBON EMISSION EFFICIENCY OF FARMERS AND ITS’ MULTI-LEVEL INFLUENCING FACTORS* ——A CASE OF MIZHI COUNTY, SHAANXI PROVINCE, CHINA

关键词:  农业碳排放效率  乡村振兴  农户差异  村庄差异  多层次模型  米脂县

Key words:  agricultural carbon emission efficiency  rural revitalization  differences in farmers  differences in villages  multi-level model  Mizhi county

摘要:

目的 分析农户尺度农业碳排放效率差异并揭示多层次影响因素，对提供微观决策支持和推进农业农村低碳高效发展意义重大。方法 文章以陕西省米脂县为例，在测算57个村庄共861个农户农业碳排放及效率的基础上，从农户尺度分析农业碳排放及效率差异，最后基于多层次模型揭示其影响因素。结果 （1）农户整体农业碳排放效率较低，且示范村中的农户农业碳排放效率高于非示范村农户，示范村与非示范村下同一类型农户的冗余类型及占比和示范村（或非示范村）不同类型农户的冗余类型及占比差异明显；（2） 年龄、务农年限、教育水平和农业技能培训是影响农户农业碳排放量的主要因素。（3）就全体农户而言，乡村振兴示范村、距县城距离和政府支持力度是影响农户农业碳排放效率的主要环境变量，务农年限和受教育水平是影响农户农业碳排放效率的主要个体变量。影响示范村与非示范村农户农业碳排放效率的因素有较大差异。结论 不同类型农户农业碳排放效率和影响因素迥异，应根据村庄环境、农户特征等进行差异化政策支持。

Abstract:

Analyzing the differences of agricultural carbon emission efficiency at the household scale and revealing the multi-level influencing factors is of great significance to provide micro decision support and promote the development with low carbon and high efficiency in agriculture and rural areas. Taking Mizhi county of Shaanxi province as an example, this work calculated the agricultural carbon emissions and efficiency of 861 farmers from 57 villages, analyzed the differences of agricultural carbon emissions and efficiency at the household scale, and revealed the influencing factors based on multi-level model. The results showed that: (1) The overall agricultural carbon emission efficiency of farmers was low, and the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of farmers in demonstration villages was higher than that of farmers in non-demonstration villages. The redundancy types and proportion of the same types of farmers in demonstration villages and non-demonstration villages and the redundancy types and proportion of different types of farmers in the demonstration villages (or non-demonstration villages) were obviously different. (2) Age, years of farming, education level and agricultural skill training were the main factors affecting farmers' agricultural carbon emissions. (3) For all farmers, rural revitalization demonstration village, distance from county to city and government support were the main environmental variables that affecting agricultural carbon emission efficiency of farmers, while years of farming and education level were the main individual variables that affected farmers' agricultural carbon emission efficiency. It was found that the factors affecting the agricultural carbon emission efficiency of farmers in rural revitalization demonstration village and non-rural revitalization demonstration village were significant different. Therefore, different types of farmers have different agricultural carbon emission efficiency and influencing factors, differentiated policy support should be provided according to the type of villages' environment, characteristics of farmers, etc.