农户社会资本与宅基地退出意愿——基于抗险能力的中介效应分析

FARMERS’ SOCIAL CAPITAL AND WILLINGNESS TO WITHDRAW FROM RURAL HOMESTEADS——EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE INTERMEDIARY EFFECT OF RISK RESISTANCE

关键词:  社会资本  构成维度  抗险能力  宅基地  退出意愿

Key words:  social capital  constituent dimensions  risk resistance  rural homestead  withdraw willingness

摘要:

目的 将社会资本理论引入农户宅基地退出意愿问题研究，探究社会资本及各构成维度对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响和作用机制，以期为提升农户意愿提供参考。方法 基于苏北地区沛县和丰县的共411份农户调研数据，构建农户社会资本测度指标体系，并运用Logit模型、中介效应模型实证研究了社会资本对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响及抗险能力的中介效应。结果 （1）社会资本对农户的宅基地退出意愿具有显著的正向影响，社会资本越丰富的农户宅基地退出意愿越强；（2）各构成维度均显著影响农户宅基地退出意愿，且影响方向均为正，效用强度从大到小依次为社会规范（0.116）、社会网络（0.065）、社会参与（0.064）、社会信任（0.032）、社会声望（0.031）；（3）抗险能力在社会资本和各维度对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响过程中均具有中介效应，社会资本和各维度不仅可以直接影响农户的宅基地退出意愿，还可以通过抗险能力产生间接影响，但影响以直接效应为主。结论 社会资本和抗险能力是影响农户宅基地退出意愿的重要因素，政府部门在宅基地退出工作推进中，应立足农户的社会属性，加大农户社会资本培育力度，完善风险分担机制，提高农户收入水平。

Abstract:

This study aims to introduce social capital theory to examine the impact and mechanism of social capital and its constituent dimensions on farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads, so as to improve farmers' willingness in the promotion of homestead withdrawal. Based on the dataset of 411 farmers in Pei and Feng counties from the Northern Area in Jiangsu, this study constructed a measurement index of farmers' social capital, and applied a logit model to empirically analyze the impact of social capital on farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads, and employed an intermediary effect model to empirically examine the intermediary role of farmers' risk resistance to the impact of social capital on farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. The results showed that: (1) Social capital had a significantly positive impact on farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads, it meant that farmers with higher levels of social capital had a stronger willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. (2) All the constituent dimensions of social capital significantly affected farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads, and the impact direction of each dimension was positive. The utility intensity from large to small was social norms, social networks, social participation, social trust, and social reputation, with values of 0.116, 0.065, 0.064, 0.032, and 0.031, respectively. (3) Risk resistance played a partial intermediary role in the impact of social capital and each of its constituent dimensions on farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. Therefore, social capital and its constituent dimensions not only directly affected farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads, but also indirectly affected farmers' willingness by improving their risk resistance. However, the impact was still dominated by the direct effect of social capital. Hence, social capital and risk resistance are important factors that affect farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. In the process of homestead withdrawal, government departments should pay more attention to the social attributes of the rural area, take various measures to strengthen the cultivation of farmers' social capital, improve the sharing abilities of risk, and remove the barriers to improve farmers' income.