肉羊养殖技术效率测算与地区差异研究

ESTIMATION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF MUTTON SHEEP BREEDING AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS

关键词:  肉羊养殖  绵羊与山羊  技术效率  随机前沿分析  地区差异

Key words:  mutton sheep breeding  sheep and goats  technical efficiency  stochastic frontier analysis  regional differences

摘要:

目的 明晰我国肉羊养殖成本收益情况，测算肉羊养殖技术效率，比较分析地区差异。方法 文章基于BC92随机前沿分析模型，测算2004—2020年我国农区、牧区及半农半牧区家庭散养肉羊、规模户山羊与绵羊的技术效率。结果 （1）饲料与人工投入对我国肉羊活重产出有显著的促进作用。（2）当前而言，我国家庭散养肉羊的养殖技术效率高于规模养殖，而改良绵羊规模养殖的技术效率高于本种绵羊和山羊。（3）我国牧区家庭散养肉羊的养殖技术效率最高，半农半牧区其次，农区最低。山羊与绵羊规模养殖的技术效率则是牧区高于半农半牧区。结论 增加基础要素投入，优化饲料与人工资源配置效率。推进肉羊规模养殖现代化，研发推广肉羊优良品种，刺激生产前沿面外扩。完善牧区养殖示范基地建设，辐射带动农区与半农半牧区肉羊产业发展。坚持创新驱动发展，建立健全肉羊产业优惠政策体系。

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to clarify the cost-benefit situation of mutton sheep breeding in China, and calculate the technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding, so as to compare and analyze regional differences. Based on the BC1992 stochastic frontier analysis model, the study calculated the technical efficiency of family free range mutton sheep, large-scale household goats and sheep in semi agricultural and semi pastoral, agricultural and pastoral areas in China from 2004 to 2020. The results were showed as follows. (1) Feed and manual input could significantly promote the weight output of mutton sheep in China. (2) At present, the technical efficiency of family free range mutton sheep breeding in China was higher than that of large-scale breeding. The technical efficiency of improved sheep scale breeding was higher than that of goats and unimproved sheep.(3) The technical efficiency of family free range mutton sheep breeding in pastoral areas was the highest, followed by semi agricultural and semi pastoral areas, and the lowest in agricultural areas. The technical efficiency of goats and sheep scale breeding was higher in pastoral areas than in semi agricultural and semi pastoral areas. In summary, it should increase the input of basic factors and optimize the allocation efficiency of feed and artificial resources. And it also should promote the modernization of large-scale breeding of mutton sheep, research, develop and promote superior breeds of mutton sheep to stimulate the expansion of production frontiers. Then, it should improve the construction of breeding demonstration bases in pastoral areas, to drive the development of mutton sheep industry in agricultural and semi agricultural and semi pastoral areas. In addition, adhere to the strategy of “innovation driven development”, it should establish and improve the preferential policy system for the mutton sheep industry.