中国农产品的全球价值链参与度及其对国际竞争力的影响——基于企业微观数据的证据

PARTICIPATION IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN AND ITS IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS FOR CHINA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS—EVIDENCE BASED ON ENTERPRISE DATA

关键词:  农产品  全球价值链  竞争力  出口国际增值率  科研投入

Key words:  agricultural products  global value chain  competitiveness  foreign value added rate  input of scientific research and development

摘要:

目的 农产品国际竞争关键在于全球价值链竞争。通过量化全球价值链参与度，升级中国农产品全球价值链参与，为农民生存、农业发展争取更广空间。方法 文章采用企业微观进出口数据，构造核心解释变量交叉项，利用面板工具变量模型，实证估计全球价值链参与度对农产品国际竞争力的影响与作用机制。结果 全球价值链参与能够显著提升竞争力水平，且稳健性较好。从影响机制看，全球价值链参与度提升，有力刺激企业加大科研投入，以谋求更高的生产效率和产品技术增值，从而实现产品国际竞争力提升。从加工程度看，全球价值链参与对深加工农产品正向影响最显著。从贸易方式看，一般贸易下全球价值链参与对农产品竞争力提升最明显，加工贸易下抑制效应明显。从企业所有制看，国有企业全球价值链参与对农产品竞争力提升作用最强。结论 中国农产品积极参与全球价值链分工，为制定竞争力提升导向的政策体系提供了理论与实证参考依据。

Abstract:

The key essence on international competition of agricultural products lies in global value chain competition. However, China has long been on low end of the value chain in agricultural processing industry, and the space for farmers' survival and agricultural development has been squeezed. Based on panel empirical model, this paper estimated the degree participating in global value chain of Chinese agricultural products, and studied the influence and mechanism on competitiveness. The empirical results showed that participation in global value chain could significantly improve the level of competitiveness. And results passed robustness test. For influencing mechanism, the increase of participation in global value chain was conducive to integrating into market competition, and stimulated enterprises to enhance investment in scientific research, so as to achieve the improvement of international competitiveness. In terms of product processing, participation in global value chain had the most significant positive impact on the deep-processing agricultural products. From the perspective of trade mode, the participation in global value chain could significantly improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in general trade, while the inhibition effect was obvious in processing trade. Concerned on the enterprise ownership, participation in global value chain for the state-owned enterprise played the most important role in improving competitiveness of agricultural products. The conclusion provides reference for the policy adjustment on improving the competitiveness of agricultural products, and provides factual discussions for the optimization and upgrading of the value chain in agricultural processing industry.