西南地区乡村旅游重点村空间分布及结构分析

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF KEY RURAL TOURISM VILLAGES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

关键词:  乡村旅游重点村  空间分布特征  区域结构异化  分布规律  西南地区

Key words:  key rural tourism villages  spatial distribution characteristics  regional structure alienation  distribution law  Southwest China.

摘要:

目的 分析西南地区乡村旅游重点村的空间分布，探析重点村的结构类型及分布规律，以期为西南地区乡村旅游发展提供参考。方法 文章选择西南地区乡村旅游重点村为研究对象，运用空间模型和ArcGIS分析软件，对西南地区200个乡村旅游重点村进行空间分布特征的量化分析；在此基础上，对不同区域旅游产品结构和类型进行梳理，综合探讨其空间结构异化特征；最后运用地理联系率和空间数据叠加法综合剖析其内在的分布规律，并提出相应发展策略。结果 （1）西南地区乡村旅游重点村分布具有明显的集聚特征，表现为 “核心—边缘型”集聚形态；集聚核心包括贵州片区、西藏片区2个高密度区，以及重庆、四川2个次密度区；（2）重点村类型以民俗文化类最多，占比44.0%，其次是自然风景类和特色农业类；从省域层面来看，重庆以特色农业类居多，贵州以自然风景类为主，四川、云南和西藏重点村类型相对均匀；（3）区域GDP值、国家5A级景点数、国家历史文化名村数与重点村分布的地理联系率L值分别为99.76、99.85、99.86，空间关联程度紧密；（4）重点村分布具有沿地势起伏较大区域和河网区域集中分布的趋势，并集中分布于GDP较高区、省会城市缓冲区以及道路主干网集中地带，并以此为核心向周边呈发散状绵延。结论 西南地区乡村旅游重点村分布具有明显的集聚特征，类型结构以文化民俗类占比最高，各省区类型分布不均衡，组成结构差异明显。地势和自然条件对大部分乡村旅游重点村分布具有决定性作用，经济、人口、道路交通等因素影响显著。

Abstract:

To analyze the spatial distribution of key rural tourism villages in Southwest China, explore the structural types and distribution rules of key villages, in order to provide references for the development of rural tourism in Southwest China. Selecting the key rural tourism villages in the southwest region as the research object, this research used spatial model and ArcGIS analysis software to conduct a quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of 200 key rural tourism villages in the southwest region, and on this basis, analyzed the structure and the types of tourism products in different regions, and comprehensively explored the characteristics of its spatial structure alienation, finally, adopted geographic connection rate and spatial data superposition method to comprehensively analyze its internal distribution law, and proposed corresponding development strategies. The results were listed as follows. (1) The distribution of key rural tourism villages in Southwest China had obvious agglomeration characteristics, showing a "core-periphery" agglomeration form; the agglomeration core included two high-density areas in Guizhou and Tibet, and two sub-density areas in Chongqing and Sichuan. (2) Folk culture was the most important village type, accounting for 44.0%, followed by natural scenery and characteristic agriculture. And from the provincial level, Chongqing was dominated by characteristic agriculture, Guizhou was dominated by natural scenery, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet were relatively homogeneous in key villages. (3) The regional GDP value, the number of national 5A-level scenic spots, the number of national historical and cultural villages, and the geographical connection rate of key villages were respectively 99.76, 99.85, and 99.86, which were closely related to each other in space.(4) The distribution of key villages had a trend of concentrated distribution along large ups and downs areas and river network areas, and was concentrated in areas with high GDP, buffer areas of provincial capitals, and concentrated areas of road backbone networks, and spread divergently to the periphery with this as the core. In summary, the distribution of key rural tourism villages in Southwest China has obvious characteristics of agglomeration. The type structure of cultural and folk customs accounts for the highest proportion, and the distribution of types in various provinces is uneven, with obvious differences in composition structure. Topography and natural conditions have a decisive effect on the distribution of most of the key rural tourism villages, and factors such as economy, population, and road traffic have significant impacts.