西北旱区耕地“非粮化”时空演变分析——以陕西大荔为例

ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF ARABLE LAND DENUDATION IN THE NORTHWEST DRYLANDS——A CASE STUDY OF DALI, SHAANIXI PROVINCE

关键词:  耕地“非粮化”  遥感解译  土地利用转移矩阵  标准差椭圆  时空特征

Key words:  "non-grain" cultivated land  remote sensing interpretation  land use transfer matrix  standard deviation ellipse  spatial and temporal characteristics

摘要:

目的 摸清耕地“非粮化”类型的时序数量转移和空间动态分布特征，为实现耕地“非粮化”分类管控提供科学方法和依据。方法 文章以西北旱区农业生产典型县陕西大荔为研究区域，基于2000年、2010年和2020年3期的遥感解译数据，运用土地利用转移矩阵和标准差椭圆的方法，探究大荔县耕地“非粮化”的时序数量转移及空间动态分布特征。结果 （1）数量变化上，20年间大荔县耕地“非粮化”类型呈多元化增加趋势，且近10年“非粮化”率急剧上升；（2）转移类型上，20年间粮食作物是耕地“非粮化”面积增加的最大转出者，其中2000—2010年主要转向杂果树类，增量较小；2010—2020年主要转向杂果树类、设施农业和水产养殖，增量巨大；（3）空间动态上，20年间大荔县耕地“非粮化”的空间集聚性特征加强，其中粮食作物和撂荒地向南部地势较低区域集聚；杂果树类、苗圃花卉和设施农业向北部海拔较高区域扩张；而水产养殖向东部河流集聚。结论 根据西北旱区不同耕地“非粮化”类型的时空演变特征，为政府分类管控“非粮化”现象、优化区域布局和生产结构提供参考依据。

Abstract:

This study is aimed at identifying the spatial distribution characteristics of the temporal shift and spatial distribution of arable land, so as to provide a scientific method and basis for the realization of the classification and control path of arable land. Based on the remote sensing data from 2000, 2010 and 2020, the article explored the temporal quantitative shift and spatial distribution characteristics of the "non-grain" cultivated land in Dali county by using the land use shift matrix and standard deviation ellipse method. The results were listed as follows. (1) In terms of quantitative changes, the trend of "non-grain" types of arable land in Dali county diversified over the past 20 years, and the rate of non-grain increased sharply in the past 10 years. (2) In terms of the type of transfer, food crops were the largest shifter of the increase in the area of "non-grain" cultivated land over the 20-year period, with a smaller increase from 2000-2010 mainly to fruit crops, and a larger increase from 2010-2020 mainly to fruit crops, facility agriculture and aquaculture; (3) In terms of spatial dynamics, the spatial agglomeration of arable land in Dali County intensified over the past 20 years, with food crops and abandoned land clustering in the southern region; fruit crops, nursery flowers and facility agriculture expanding to higher elevations in the north; and aquaculture clustering in the eastern rivers. Based on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of different types of "non-food" arable land in the Northwest drylands, this study provides a reference basis for the government to classify and control the phenomenon of "non-food" and optimize the regional layout and production structure.