耕地经营规模对农业生产效率及环境压力的影响研究——以黄淮海地区为例

THE IMPACT OF FARMLAND SCALE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURE——A CASE STUDY OF THE HUANG HUAI HAI PLAIN

关键词:  耕地规模经营  农业生产效率  环境压力  时空效应一致性  黄淮海地区

Key words:  scale of farmland  agricultural production efficiency  environmental pressure  spatio-temporal consistency  the Huang-huai-hai Plain

摘要:

目的 基于耕地经营规模效应，考察耕地经营规模对农业生产效率及环境压力的影响，为农业现代化与可持续发展政策制定提供科学依据。方法 文章通过理论推导与实证检验，从时间序列和横截面2个维度对耕地经营规模与农业生产效率、环境压力的关系进行定量分析。结果 （1）耕地经营规模对农业生产效率和环境的影响存在不确定性，并非所有区域都存在一致的时空效应。（2）耕地经营规模与单位耕地面积农业机械碳排放、单位耕地面积粮食产量存在明显的负相关关系，这些关系与机械使用效率、技术和劳动力要素投入密切相关。（3）耕地经营规模越小，农业机械使用效率越低，单位耕地面积农业机械碳排放越高；而耕地经营规模增加则会降低化肥、劳动力等要素的投入强度导致农业生产粗放化，进而影响单位耕地面积粮食产量。结论 农业生产过程中需要构建现代农业产业体系、生产体系和经营体系，降低传统生产要素的投入，不断增加新要素和新技术投入，以实现减碳、增产的双重目标。

Abstract:

This paper aims to investigate the influence of farmland scale on agricultural production efficiency and environmental pressure, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of agricultural modernization and sustainable development policies. Through theoretical derivation and empirical research, a quantitative analysis of the relationship between the scale of farmland, agricultural production efficiency and environmental pressure was carried out from the time series and cross-sectional dimensions. The results showed that: (1)The impact of farmland scale on agricultural production efficiency and environmental efficiency was uncertain, and not all regions had consistent spatio-temporal effects. (2) The farmland scale was negatively correlated with the carbon emission of agricultural machinery and grain yield of farmland, and these relationships were closely related to the mechanical efficiency, technology and labor input. (3) The smaller the farmland scale, the lower the use efficiency of agricultural machinery, and the higher the carbon emission of agricultural machinery per unit of land. Meanwhile, the increase in farmland scale would reduce the costs of fertilizers, labor and other factors, resulting in higher agricultural productivity, and then affect the grain yield per unit farmland area. In conclusion, in the process of agricultural production, it is necessary to build a modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system,reduce the input of traditional production factors, and continuously increase the input of new factors and new technologies, so as to achieve china's national strategies of reducing carbon emission and increasing grain production.