农户参与农业全程生产托管诱因及福祉效应研究

STUDY ON INDUCEMENTS AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF FARMERS' PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL TRUSTEESHIP

关键词:  农业生产托管  农户福祉  倾向得分匹配模型  福祉效应  关中地区

Key words:  agricultural production trusteeship  farmers' well-being  PSM model  well-being effect  Guanzhong region

摘要:

目的 农业生产托管作为面向小农户的社会化服务体系，在一定程度上解决了小农户在劳动力、技术、资金等方面的实际困难，对农户福利变化及差异产生重要影响。研究农户参与的诱因及福祉效应，对于促进农业生产托管推广应用，实现农业现代化发展有着重要的现实意义。方法 基于2021年陕西省关中地区1 169份农户微观调研数据，文章通过熵值法对农户的主客观福祉水平进行测算，并运用倾向得分匹配模型实证分析农户参与全程托管的诱因及对其福祉效应的影响。结果 （1）农业全程托管对农户的主客观福祉水平均具有显著的正向影响，不仅在收入与物质需求、选择与行动自由两个维度上增进农户的客观福祉，也有助于农户主观福祉中“三生空间”满意度的提升。（2）全程托管的福祉效应在不同群体间存在显著的差异，对老龄化程度高、经营规模0.67hm²（10亩）以下及粮食作物种植的农户和家庭福祉效应的提升效果较佳。（3）农户全程托管是其理性决策的结果，个人及家庭特征、农业经营特征及组织支持等是农户全程托管的重要影响因素。结论 继续加大农业生产托管的推广普及，扩大全程托管覆盖面。结合农户特征，制定差异化、精准化的支持举措，提高托管服务供需匹配的精准性，促使生产托管的新模式更加有效地惠及于民。

Abstract:

As a social service system for smallholder farmers, agricultural production trusteeship, to a certain extent, solves the practical difficulties of smallholder farmers in terms of labor, technology, capital and other elements. It has an important impact on changes and differences in the welfare of peasant household. It is of great practical significance to study the inducement and welfare effect of peasant household's participation in promoting the application of trusteeship in agricultural production and modernizing agricultural development. Based on 1 169 micro-survey data from peasant household in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province in 2021, this paper measured peasant household's subjective and objective level of well-being through the entropy method, and used the propensity score matching model to empirically analyze the incentives for peasant household to participate in the whole process of trusteeship and its effect on well-being. The results were listed as follows. (1) In general, the whole process of trusteeship had a significant positive effect on the objective and subjective well-being of peasant household. It not only improved the objective well-being of farmers in the two dimensions of income and material needs, choice and freedom of action, but also helped to improve the satisfaction of "production-living-ecology-space" in the subjective well-being of farmers. (2) Further research found that the well-being effect of trustee-in-full agricultural production was significantly different among different groups. It had a better effect on improving the well-being of farmers and families with a high degree of aging, a business scale of less than 0.67hm²(10 mu) and the planting of food crops. (3) Peasant household's participation in whole-process trusteeship in agriculture was the result of their rational decision-making. The characteristics of individuals and families, agricultural operation characteristics and organizational support were the important factors influencing whole-process trusteeship in agriculture. In summary, it should continue to boost the implementation of such trusteeship in agricultural production and expand the coverage of whole trusteeship. It is suggested to formulate differentiated and precise support measures based on the situations of farmers, enhance the accuracy of supply-and-demand matching of trusteeship services, and promote this new mode of production trusteeship to benefit farmers more effectively.