农业节水中妇女因素影响研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE INFLUNCE OF WOMEN'S FACTORS IN AGRICULTURAL WATER CONSERVATION

关键词:  农业女性化  劳动力结构  农业节水  妇女节水  妇女赋权

Key words:  agricultural feminization  labor force structure  agricultural water-saving  women water-saving  women empowerment

摘要:

目的 农村劳动力性别结构发生变化，使妇女承担起了包括农业灌溉在内更多的农业生产劳动。妇女农业节水对水资源的高效利用具有重要的现实意义。方法 文章基于文献梳理的视角，采用文献分析法和比较归纳法，类列出现有研究中妇女对农业节水影响的定性，界定妇女赋权的概念，提出利用微观调研数据定量分析不同因子对妇女农业节水的影响及其单个因子的贡献率。结果 （1）农业女性化是工业与农业竞争发展博弈的结果，尽管该趋势延续与否、对农业生产发展利弊的判定尚不明确，但是农村劳动力性别结构发生变化确定无疑，妇女更深程度地参与了农业生产多个环节，农业劳动也相应更多地落在了妇女肩上。（2）妇女成为农业灌溉的主要力量，却因受限于教育程度相对偏低、劳动压力大、社会地位边缘化等原因影响了在农业节水中表现。（3）赋予妇女权能，使其能在承担了灌溉劳动的同时有机会参与水资源的管理，激发妇女在农业节水中的积极作用。结论 妇女对农业节水影响的研究较少，已有文献多以定性研究为主，且对妇女农业节水与否说法不一。采用微观调研数据分析妇女年龄、健康状况、文化程度、节水意愿、地区经济发展水平、家庭总收入、政策扶持、技能培训、干旱情况、土壤水形态和种植结构作为驱动因子对妇女农业节水的影响，定量每个因子对妇女农业节水的贡献率。

Abstract:

The gender structure of rural labor force has changed, making women take on more agricultural productive labor, including agricultural irrigation. Water saving in women's agriculture has important practical significance for the efficient use of water resources. Based on the perspective of literature review, this article used literature analysis and comparative induction to sort out the qualitative impact of existing research on women's water saving in agriculture, define the concept of women's empowerment, and proposed to use microscopic survey data to quantitatively analyze the impact of different factors on women's water saving and the contribution rate of individual factors. The results were listed as follows. (1) The feminization of agriculture was the result of the game between industry and agricultural competition development. Although the continuation of this trend and the judgment of the advantages and disadvantages of agricultural production development were not clear, the gender structure of rural labor force was still determined. Women participated in many aspects of agricultural production to a deeper extent, and agricultural production labor also fell on women's shoulders. (2) Women became the main force of agricultural irrigation, but their performance in agricultural water-saving had been affected by the relatively low level of education, high labor pressure and marginalization of social status. (3) To empower women, so that they could take part in the management of water resources while undertaking irrigation work, and stimulate women's positive role in agricultural water-saving. In summary, women have little research on agricultural water saving, and the existing literature is mainly qualitative research, and there are different opinions on women's agricultural water saving. The influence of women's age, health status, education level, water-saving willingness, regional economic development level, total household income, policy support, skill training, drought situation, soil water form, and planting structure as driving factors on women's agricultural water-saving is analyzed by using microscopic survey data, and the contribution rate of each factor to women's agricultural water-saving is quantified.