农牧交错区“三生”用地格局演变及其生态环境效应——以冀北山区张北县为例

EVOLUTION OF “PRODUCTION-LIVING-ECOLOGICAL” LAND USE PATTERN AND ITS ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IN COUNTIES OF AGROPASTORAL ECOTERN——A CASE STUDY OF ZHANGBEI COUNTY

关键词:  “三生”用地  时空演变  生态环境效应  农牧交错区  张北县

Key words:  "production-living-ecological" land  spatiotemporal evolution  eco-environmental effects  agropastoral ecotone  Zhangbei county

摘要:

目的 “三生”用地时空格局演变及生态环境效应研究对国土空间优化开发和生态环境保护具有重要意义。方法 文章以农牧交错区典型县域张北县为例，基于农户调研和土地利用数据，综合运用GIS技术、核密度估计法及生态环境指数模型系统分析了张北县“三生”用地格局演化特征及其生态环境效应。结果 （1）1990—2020年张北县生产—生态用地面积减少，生产—生活及生态用地面积增加，生产—生态用地及生态用地在各乡镇均有分布，生产—生活用地主要分布在交通沿线经济较发达的乡镇；（2）研究期内张北县“三生”用地转换以生产—生态用地向生态用地的转换为主，其次为生产—生态用地向生产—生活用地的转换，减少的生产—生态用地主要来自草地及耕地；（3）30年间张北县生态环境质量指数由0.291~0.596增长为0.409~0.760，高及较高质量区面积增加，低及较低质量区面积减少，生态环境质量改善；生产—生态用地向生态用地的转换及向生产—生活用地的转换分别是研究期内张北县生态环境质量提高和恶化的主要原因。结论 张北县生态环境质量不断提高，但仍面临经济发展较慢，“三生”用地竞争激烈的问题。

Abstract:

Research on spatiotemporal evolution of "production-living-ecological" land and its eco-environmental effect is of great significance to the optimization and development of geographical space and the protection of ecological environment. Taking Zhangbei county, a typical county in the agropastoral ecotone as an example, based on household survey and land use data, GIS technology, kernel density estimation method and eco-environmental index model was used to systematically analyze the evolution characteristics of 'production-living-ecological' land use pattern and its eco-environmental effect in Zhangbei county. The results showed that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the area of production-ecological land decreased, while the area of production-living land and ecological land increased. The production-ecological land and ecological land were distributed in all towns, while the production-living land was mainly distributed in the economically developed towns along the transportation lines. (2) During the study period, the conversion of ''production-living-ecological" land in Zhangbei county was mainly from production-ecological land to ecological land, followed by the conversion of production-ecological land to production-living land, and the reduced production-ecological land mainly came from grassland and cultivated land. (3) The eco-environment quality index of Zhangbei county increased from 0.291~0.596 to 0.409~0.760 in the past 30 years, the area of high and sub-high quality area was expanded, while the area of low and sub-low quality area was reduced, and the eco-environmental quality was improved. The conversion of production-ecological land to ecological land and to production-living land were the main reasons for the improvement and deterioration of eco-environmental quality in Zhangbei county during the study period, respectively. In summary, quality of eco-environment in Zhangbei county have been continuously improved, but the problems of slow economic development and fierce competition among different land types still exists.