新型合作农场：经济发达地区农地规模经营的逻辑与实践

NEW-COOPERATIVE FARMS: THE LOGIC AND PRACTICE OF LAND SCALE MANAGEMENT IN ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED AREAS

关键词:  新型合作农场  农地规模经营  实践与创新  农业经营体制  经济发达地区

Key words:  New-Cooperative Farm  land scale management  practice and innovation  agricultural management system  developed areas

摘要:

目的 当前，“谁来种地”成为农业发展面临的重要问题。近年来部分经济发达地区出现的、由村级集体经济组织主导的新型合作农场成为创新农业经营组织形式、发展农地规模经营的新探索，对其实践与逻辑进行探讨有一定的必要性和现实意义。方法 文章运用案例分析法，以海门新型合作农场为例，从新制度经济学视角对新型合作农场的农业经营体制创新特征进行分析，并与其他新型农业经营主体进行对比，指出新型合作农场在联农带农、壮大村集体经济方面的优势。结果 新型合作农场将村集体经济组织实体化为农地经营主体，整合土地、劳动力、资本、技术等资源要素，并将现代经营管理制度引入农业生产，在土地规模经营的同时有效实现了产权明晰、交易成本降低、风险分担和外部性内部化，有效促进了农民和村集体的双增收，实现了农业生产的帕累托改进。结论 新型合作农场充分做实了村集体“统”的功能，其合作化、一体化、企业化的经营模式可以为我国其他地区农地适度规模经营提供一种思路和参照。

Abstract:

It becomes an important issue that who manage the land in the future with the development of urbanization and the large outflow of rural labor. In recent years, a form of agricultural management organization emerges in developed areas, which is called New-Cooperative Farm led by village collective economic organization. It has important enlightenment to analyze the practices and experiences of the New-Cooperative Farm during the exploration of agricultural scale management and the practice in Haimen, Jiangsu province. The results found that the New-Cooperative Farm took the village collective economic organizations as the main operator of farmland management, rather than large agricultural households, family farms, professional cooperatives, and leading enterprises, which integrated land, labor, capital, technology and other resource elements more effectively and introduced modern management systems into agriculture production. More importantly, the New-Cooperative Farm played its advantages in increasing the income of farmers and strengthening the collective economy of the village. And it achieved the goals of clarifying property rights, reducing transaction costs, sharing risks and internalizing externalities while making land scale management, and promoting farmers' income and collective economic development. The cooperative, integrated and enterprise management of New-Cooperative Farm was conducive to improving efficiency, thus realizing the Pareto improvement of agricultural production. In summary, it should also be noted that the new cooperative farm is different from the other new agricultural business entity. It has the advantage of making full use of collective leadership and overall planning. The practice of New-Cooperative Farm can also provide a reference for the scale management of farmland in other areas.