农业社会化服务对农户福利的影响研究——基于农药减量增效服务的实证检验

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIALIZED SERVICES ON FARMERS’ WELFARE EMPIRICAL TEST* ——BASED ON PESTICIDE REDUCTION AND EFFICIENCE ENHANCEMENT SERVICES

关键词:  农业社会化服务  农户福利  内生转换模型  作用机制  农药减量增效

Key words:  agricultural socialized service  farmer welfare  endogenous switching regression model  impact mechanism  pesticide reduction and efficiency

摘要:

目的 厘清农业社会化服务对农户家庭收入的影响机制，对提升农户福利水平和完善农业社会化服务体系具有重要意义。方法 文章运用内生转换模型、中介效应模型等方法，重点关注于农药减量增效、保障农产品质量安全的农业社会化服务，实证检验其对农户福利的影响。结果 （1）样本农户中农业社会化服务平均采纳项数仅为2.24项，其中统防统治服务和质量检测服务的采用率均不足20%；（2）农业社会化服务能够通过改变农户传统施药观念与提升种植管理水平，改善农户福利，表现为在反事实假设下，实际采用农业社会化服务的农户若不采用，其家庭人均年收入将下降3.78%；（3）农业社会化服务福利效应存在群组差异性，对于高文化程度、低农业劳动比、种植规模较小的农户而言，采用农业社会化服务后福利水平改善程度相对较大。结论 应持续加强对农业社会化服务的组织形式与服务方式的创新，分类引导不同类型农户理性采用农业社会化服务，充分发挥出农业社会化服务的福利效应。

Abstract:

It is of great significance to clarify the impact mechanism of agricultural socialized services on farmers' household income to improve farmers' welfare and the agricultural socialized service. Based on the agricultural socialized service that realized pesticide reduction and efficiency improvement and guaranteed the quality and safety of agricultural products, this paper used the Endogenous Transformation Model and the Mediation Effect Model to empirically test the impact of agricultural socialized services on farmers' welfare. Results were showed as follows. Firstly, the average number of agricultural socialized services adopted by the sample farmers was only 2.24, of which the adoption rates of integrated pest control and quality inspection services were both less than 20%. Secondly, agricultural socialized services could improve farmers' welfare by changing farmers' traditional pesticide application concepts and improving planting management levels. This was manifested in the counterfactual assumption that if farmers who actually used agricultural socialized services did not, their family's per capita annual income would drop 3.78%. Thirdly, there were group differences in the welfare effects of agricultural socialized services. For farmers with higher education, lower agricultural labor ratio, and smaller planting scale, the welfare effect of adopting agricultural socialized services was greater. In summary, we should continue to strengthen the innovation of the organizational form and service mode of agricultural socialization services, and guide different types of farmers to rationally adopt agricultural socialization services, so as to give full play to the welfare effects of agricultural socialization services.