近40年来广西耕地非农化的时空演变特征、成因与对策

THE CHARACTERISTICS, CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF GUANGXI CULTIVATED LAND DEAGRICULTURALIZATION IN THE PAST 40 YEARS

关键词:  耕地非农化  时空演变特征  成因与对策  广西

Key words:  cultivated land deagriculturalization  characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution  causes and countermeasures  Guangxi

摘要:

目的 掌握耕地非农化的时空演变特征及原因是保护耕地和保障粮食安全的重要基础。方法 文章运用耕地非农化重心转移模型、空间自相关分析等方法探究广西近40年来111个县级评价单元耕地非农化的时空演变特征，分析其原因并提出对策。结果 （1）广西耕地面积由1980年的517.72万hm²持续减少到2020年的507.68万hm²，连片耕地主要集中在中南部地区。（2）耕地转为林地是广西耕地非农化的主要模式，占各时段耕地非农化面积的60.00%以上；建设占用耕地面积明显增多；耕地撂荒现象趋于严重；因石漠化、水土流失等原因灾毁的耕地面积逐渐扩大；耕地转为水域对广西耕地非农化的影响逐渐减弱。（3）广西耕地非农化空间不均衡性不断减弱，耕地非农化空间格局趋于稳定，总体趋势向东。耕地非农化重心先向西南转移192.72km、再向东北转移198.88 km，最终在广西中东部地区趋于平稳。（4）广西耕地非农化空间分布格局由空间离散转为空间集聚，空间集聚程度越来越强烈；耕地非农化的连片带动作用逐渐增强。结论 近40年来，广西耕地非农化面积持续上升，大量耕地转为林地和建设用地等地类，耕地非农化重心向东部转移并有连片带动效应。应严格限制耕地转为林地和建设用地，提高农民耕地保护动力，遏制耕地撂荒，同时加强耕地治理，严防耕地灾毁，提高桂东南地区耕地保护力度。

Abstract:

Grasping the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and reasons of cultivated land deagriculturalization is an important basis for protecting cultivated land and ensuring food security. Using the barycenter transfer model and spatial autocorrelation analysis, this paper explored the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land deagriculturalization in 111 county-level evaluation units in Guangxi in recent 40 years, analyzed the reasons and put forward countermeasures. The results were listed as follows. (1) The cultivated land area in Guangxi has continuously decreased from 5.1772 million hm² in 1980 to 5.0768 million hm² in 2020, with contiguous cultivated land mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions. (2) The conversion of cultivated land into forest land was the main mode of cultivated land deagriculturalization in Guangxi, accounting for more than 60.00% of the cultivated land deagriculturalization in each period; the area of cultivated land occupied by construction increased significantly; the phenomenon of cultivated land abandonment tended to be serious; the area of cultivated land destroyed by rocky desertification, soil erosion and other reasons was gradually expanding; the influence of cultivated land turning into water area on cultivated land deagriculturalization in Guangxi gradually weakened. (3) The spatial imbalance of cultivated land deagriculturalization in Guangxi was weakening, the spatial pattern of cultivated land deagricultural tended to be stable, and the overall trend was eastward. The gravity center of cultivated land deagriculturalization shifted 192.72 km to the southwest firstly, and then 198.88 km to the northeast, and finally tended to be stable in the central and eastern regions of Guangxi. (4) The spatial distribution pattern of cultivated land agriculturalization in Guangxi changed from spatial dispersion to spatial agglomeration, and the degree of spatial agglomeration became stronger and stronger; the contiguous driving effect of cultivated land agriculturalization was gradually enhanced. Generally, in recent 40 years, the area of cultivated land deagriculturalization in Guangxi had been increasing continuously. A large number of cultivated land had been converted into forest land, construction land, etc. The focus of cultivated land deagriculturalization had been shifted to the east with contiguous driving effect. We should strictly limit the conversion of cultivated land into forest land and construction land, improve farmers' motivation to protect cultivated land, curb cultivated land abandonment, and at the same time, strengthen cultivated land management, prevent cultivated land from being destroyed, and improve cultivated land protection in southeast Guangxi.