土地禀赋对农户化肥减量的影响机理与实证分析

MECHANISM AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF LAND ENDOWMENT ON REDUCTION IN CHEMICAL FERTILIZER USE

关键词:  化肥减量  土地禀赋  异质性  绿色发展

Key words:  chemical fertilizer reduction  land endowment  heterogeneity  green development

摘要:

目的 研究土地禀赋对化肥减量的作用机理对农业生态环境改善和农业绿色发展具有重要意义。方法 文章采用环渤海5省市882份农户调研数据，运用Probit模型基于农户土地规模、土地细碎化、土地自然属性和土地产权属性4个维度，分析农户土地禀赋与化肥投入的关系及机理。结果 （1）有81.18%的农户存在过量施肥现象，化肥减量空间巨大；（2）土地经营规模与化肥减量呈现“倒U型”关系，适度规模是必要的；（3）对于小农户而言，土地细碎化会促进其化肥减量概率的提高；（4）相对转入土地，自有土地经营中化肥减量的概率更高；（5）高文化程度农户与纯农户更加“理性”，善于对不同禀赋土地“各尽其用”，低文化程度农户和兼业户则更倾向“路径依赖”，其施肥行为对土地禀赋异质性的反应不敏感。结论 应进一步健全土地流转市场体系，持续推进农户适度规模经营；提高农业生产者补贴，对不同农户实现分类施策、精准补贴；创新农业生产性服务模式，为农户化肥减量提供稳定支撑和保障。

Abstract:

Studying the relationship of land endowment and reduction in chemical fertilizer use is important for improving the agricultural ecological environment and promoting the green development of agriculture. Based on the survey data of 882 farmers in five provinces around the Bohai Sea, the Probit model was used to study the relationship between the chemical fertilizer use and four aspects of land endowment: scale, fragmentation, natural attributes, and property rights. The results were showed as follow. (1) 81.18% of farmers experienced excessive fertilization, resulting in huge potential for fertilizer reduction; (2) The land scale and the reduction in chemical fertilizer use had an "inverted U-shaped" relationship, and it was necessary to maintain a certain scale ; (3) For small farms, land fragmentation increased the probability to reduce chemical fertilizer use; (4) Compared to rented land, farmers had higher probability to reduce chemical fertilizer use in their own land; (5) Educated farmers and farmers without non-agricultural income were more "rational" and good at "adapting the chemical fertilizer use based on different land endowments", while uneducated farmers and part-time farmers were more likely to be "path dependent", and their fertilizer use was not sensitive to the heterogeneity of land endowments. Therefore, in order to further reduce chemical fertilizer use, it is necessary to improve the land market conditions, encourage the moderate-scale operation, increase agricultural production subsidies, give subsidies based on farmers’ characteristics, provide the agricultural production service to support the reduction in chemical fertilizer use.