经营规模、分工深化对小农户化肥减量施用的影响——以黄河流域玉米种植户为例

EFFECTS OF OPERATION SCALE AND DEEPENING OF LABOR DIVISION ON THE REDUCTION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER APPLICATION BY SMALL FARMERS——TAKING CORN FARMERS IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  化肥减量  经营规模  服务外包  纵向分工深化  扩展回归模型

Key words:  fertilizer reduction  operation scale  service outsourcing  deepening vertical division of labor  the extended regression model, ERM

摘要:

目的 通过分析黄河流域3省区玉米种植户化肥施用强度与减施情况，探析经营规模与化肥施用强度非线性关系及纵向分工深化的中介作用。方法 文章基于扩展回归模型，使用2020年黄河流域中甘肃、宁夏以及陕西3省区玉米种植户问卷调查数据，分析经营规模和分工深化对农户化肥使用量的影响及作用机制。结果 （1）扩大经营规模可以显著抑制农户化肥的过量施用，但当达到一定规模后，这种抑制效应消失，继续扩大经营规模将不再降低农户化肥施用强度。（2）经营规模与纵向分工卷入程度之间也存在“U型”的非线性关系，在达到一定规模之前，经营规模的扩大会显著提高农户服务外包的程度。（3）扩大经营规模可以通过提高纵向分工卷入程度进而降低农户化肥施用强度。结论 玉米种植农户经营规模与化肥施用强度间存在“U型”的非线性关系，且纵向分工卷入程度在经营规模与化肥使用强度间存在完全中介作用。

Abstract:

By analyzing the intensity and reduction of fertilizer application among corn growers in three provinces of the Yellow River Basin, this research explores the nonlinear relationship between operation scale and chemical fertilizer application intensity, as well as the intermediary role of deepening vertical division of labor. Based on the extended regression model and the questionnaire survey data of corn growers in Gansu, Ningxia, and Shaanxi provinces in the Yellow River Basin in 2020, this study analyzed the impact and mechanism of the deepening of business scale and division of labor on the amount of fertilizer used by farmers. The results were listed as follows. (1) Expanding the scale of operation could significantly inhibit the excessive application of chemical fertilizers by farmers, but when it reached a certain scale, this inhibitory effect would disappear, and continuing to expand the scale of operation would no longer reduce the intensity of chemical fertilizers used by farmers. (2) There was also a "U-shaped" nonlinear relationship between the scale of operation and the degree of involvement in the vertical division of labor. Before reaching a certain scale, the expansion of the scale of operation would significantly increase the degree of service outsourcing by farmers. (3) Expanding the scale of operation could reduce the intensity of chemical fertilizer application by increasing the degree of vertical division of labor. In summary, there is a "U-shaped" nonlinear relationship between the operation scale of corn farmers and the intensity of chemical fertilizer application, and the degree of vertical division of labor had a complete mediation effect between the operation scale and the intensity of chemical fertilizer use.