我国农业生产“服务规模化”对“土地规模化”的影响——替代与互补关系解释

THE IMPACT OF CHINA’S AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION “SCALE OF SERVICE” ON “LAND SCALE” SUBSTITUTION OR COMPLEMENTARITY

关键词:  服务规模化  土地规模化  门槛效应  替代  互补

Key words:  service scale  land scale  threshold effect  substitution relationship  complementary relationship

摘要:

目的 推动农业规模化经营是我国农业现代化发展的基本要求。文章旨在厘清我国农业生产“服务规模化”与“土地规模化”二者之间的替代抑或互补关系，以实现粮食总产最大化的目标。方法 文章以农机服务为研究切入点，采用随机前沿生产函数模型和门槛效应模型，探讨农机服务对粮食总产、播种面积的影响，以及不同土地规模下农机服务对粮食总产的影响程度。结果 研究结果表明，增加农机服务投入会提高粮食单产以及播种面积，且农机服务与农户土地经营规模表现出阶段性的变化特征，农机服务对粮食生产的影响程度会随着土地经营规模的增加而先下降后扩大，即“服务规模化”的作用会受到“土地规模化”发展的约束，虽然“服务规模化”能够在一定时期内、一定程度上替代“土地规模化”的不足或相对滞后，但是“服务规模化”的生产效应又依赖于“土地规模化”程度的发展。结论 基于以上研究，该文建议，在推动我国农业规模化的过程中，应当阶段性的和差异性的采取“服务规模化”和“土地规模化”两种路径方式，充分利用二者互为补充以及相互替代的关系，以实现多种形式的适度规模经营。

Abstract:

Promoting the large-scale operation of agriculture is the basic requirement for the development of our agricultural modernization. This paper aims to clarify the substitution or complementary relationship between "service scale" and "land scale" in Chinese agricultural production in order to achieve the maximum of total grain production. Taking agricultural machinery service as the research entry point, the stochastic frontier production function model and threshold effect model were used to explore the effects of agricultural machinery service on total grain yield and sown area, as well as the effects of agricultural machinery service on total grain yield under different land scales. The results show that increasing agricultural machinery service input can improve grain yield per unit area and seeding area, and agricultural machinery service and farmers' land management scale show phased change characteristics, the impact of agricultural machinery service on grain production will expand with the increase of land management scale, that is, the effect of "service scale" will be constrained by the development of "land scale". Although "Service scale" can replace the deficiency or relative lag of "land scale" in a certain period and to a certain extent, the production effect of "service scale" depends on the development of "land scale". Based on the above research, this paper suggests that, in the process of promoting our country's large-scale agriculture, we should take two paths: "Service scale" and "land scale", make full use of the relationship between the two to supplement and replace each other in order to realize various forms of moderate scale management.