数字普惠金融对农村内部收入差距的影响研究——基于生计资源多元化视角的经验分析

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION ON INTRA-RURAL INCOME GAP*——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIVELIHOOD RESOURCE DIVERSIFICATION

关键词:  数字普惠金融  生计资源多元化  农村收入差距  Kakwani指数  共同富裕

Key words:  digital inclusive finance  livelihood resource diversification  rural income gap  Kakwani index  common prosperity

摘要:

目的 在推进农民农村共同富裕道路进程中，识别数字普惠金融缩小农村内部收入差距的作用，并从农户生计资源多元化配置视角探索其作用机制。方法 文章合并使用县域数字普惠金融指数和中国家庭追踪调查数据（CFPS），构造衡量农户收入不平等程度的相对剥夺指数，采用面板Tobit模型考察数字普惠金融对农村内部收入差距的影响，采用中介效应模型从生计资源多元化配置视角考察其作用机制。结果 （1）数字普惠金融能够有效减缓农户的相对收入剥夺程度，进而缩小农村内部收入差距，数字普惠金融指数每上升1%，农户相对收入剥夺水平下降7.87%，通过一系列稳健性检验后该结果依然可信；（2）生计资源多元化是数字普惠金融缩小农村内部收入差距的重要作用机制，数字普惠金融缩差效应的11.85%可由该作用渠道来解释；（3）数字普惠金融对农村内部收入差距缩减效应也具有明显的异质性，男性户主和45岁以下户主的农户、非农就业占比高和兼业化程度大的农户获得的数字普惠金融缩差“红利”更大。结论 作为新型金融供给方式，政府应大力推进农村数字普惠金融发展，因地制宜实施农村数字金融政策，鼓励农户生计资源多元化配置，多渠道应对风险提高收入水平，进而缩小农村内部收入差距助推共同富裕。

Abstract:

To identify the role of digital inclusive finance in narrowing the intra-rural income inequality in the process of promoting the common prosperity of farmers in rural areas, and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of diversified allocation of livelihood resources for farmers. The Digital Inclusive Finance index and China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) were combined to construct a relative deprivation index to measure the degree of income inequality of rural households, and a panel Tobit model was used to examine the impact of digital financial inclusion on the internal income gap in rural areas, and a mediation model was used to examine the mechanism of digital financial inclusion from the perspective of diversified allocation of livelihood resources. The results were listed as follows. Digital inclusive finance could effectively slow down the relative income deprivation of rural households, and then narrowed the internal rural income gap, every 1% increased in the digital inclusive finance index, the relative income deprivation level of rural households decreased by 7.87%, and the result was still credible through a series of robustness tests; livelihood resource diversification was an important mechanism for the digital inclusive finance to narrow the internal rural income gap, and the digital inclusive finance diversification of livelihood resources was an important mechanism for reducing the internal rural income gap, and 11.85% of the gap reduction effect of digital financial inclusion could be explained by this channel of action; the effect of digital financial inclusion on reducing the internal rural income gap was also obviously heterogeneous, with male heads of household and heads of household under the age of 45, as well as those with a high proportion of non-farm employment and a large degree of part-time employment, obtaining a greater "dividend" from the reduction of the gap in digital financial inclusion. Therefore, as a new type of financial supply method, the government should vigorously promote the development of digital inclusive finance in rural areas, implement rural digital financial policies tailored to local conditions, encourage the diversified allocation of livelihood resources for rural households, and improve their income levels by coping with risks through multiple channels, thus narrowing the internal income gap in the countryside and helping to promote common prosperity.