粮食安全视角下北大荒农业社会化服务能力评价分析

EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF SERVICE CAPABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIALIZATION OF BEIDAHUANG GROUP FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF FOOD SECURITY

关键词:  粮食安全  北大荒  农业  社会化服务  评价分析

Key words:  food security  Beidahuang  agriculture  socialization service  evaluation and analysis

摘要:

目的 农业社会化服务是解决小农户与大市场有效对接、加速融入现代农业产业体系生产体系经营体系、提升粮食安全保障能力的重要手段。对北大荒农业社会化服务能力对粮食安全影响进行评价分析，提出提升北大荒社会化服务水平和粮食安全保障能力、完善我国发展农业社会化服务政策建议。方法 文章以北大荒农业社会化服务能力为研究对象，根据粮食安全本质要求和北大荒集团发展战略，基于粮食安全视角构建了北大荒农业社会化服务能力评价指标体系，主要由目标层、准则层（5项）、因子层（17项）、指标层（71项）构成，采用综合模糊评价模型对其评价分析。结果 （1）农业科技服务能力较强，主要体现在种业科研投入强度居于全国前列、农业科技进步贡献率较高、农技应用推广体系完备；（2）生产经营服务能力较强，主要体现在农业生产资料统一供应服务、标准化规模化数字化粮食生产能力和较强的粮食加工转化能力；（3）粮安保障服务能力较强，主要体现在金融保险服务总体完善、农机与基础设施服务健全、数字农服覆盖率高和航化作业服务能力较强、农业绿色发展服务方面突出、收入保障能力较强；（4）粮食收储分销能力中等偏上，但仓储能力和市场交易服务偏弱；（5）农业科技服务能力很强，但科技研发投入及研发人力资源建设偏弱；（6）品牌价值及认证服务水平中等偏上，但品牌认证服务能力一般。结论 根据综合模糊评价结果，目前北大荒集团农业社会化服务能力处于较强水平，但在科技研发、仓储等基础设施和品牌认证服务能力等方面尚需改进提升。总体上，北大荒集团农业社会化服务对落实我国千亿斤（1斤=0.5 kg）粮食产能提升行动，促进农业节本增效、提质增效、营销增效，带动农民增收、农村经济组织增效，尤其对我国粮食主产区和重要农产品规模种植区发展农业社会化服务具有示范推广的实践价值。

Abstract:

The service capability of the agricultural socialization is an important measure to effectively connect small farmers with big markets, integrate small farmers into the manufacturing and management of the modern agricultural industrial system, and improve capacity for ensuring food security. This research evaluates and analyzes the influence of service capability of the agricultural socialization of Beidahuang GROUP on food security and gives advices on the improvement of the service capability of the agricultural socialization and food security guarantee capability of Beidahuang GROUP and the perfection of policies related to the development of service capability of the agricultural socialization. Taking the service capability of the agricultural socialization of Beidahuang GROUP as the research object, this study constructed an assessment indicator system of service capability of the agricultural socialization of Beidahuang GROUP from the perspective of food security in accordance with the essential requirements of food security and the development strategy of Beidahuang GROUP. The assessment indicator mainly consisted of target layer, criterion layer (5 items), factor layer (17 items), and indicator layer (71 items) and the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model was adopted to evaluate and analyze it. The results were showed as follows. (1) Beidahuang GROUP had a relatively strong capacity of agricultural science and technology service, which was mainly embodied by its heavy investment in seed research and development (R&D), ranking among top in China, a relatively high contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in agriculture, and a complete agricultural technology application and promotion system; (2) Beidahuang GROUP had a relatively strong capacity of production, management, and service, which was mainly shown by its unified supply of agricultural means of production, standardized, large-scale, digitalized grain production, and a high-level competence in grain processing and transformation; (3) Beidahuang GROUP had a relatively strong capacity of food security guarantee and service, which was mainly reflected by its overall complete finance and insurance service, sound agricultural machinery and infrastructure service, high coverage of digital agricultural service, a relatively strong capacity of aviation operation service, outstanding service in green development of agricultural industry, and a relatively strong capacity of income guarantee; (4) Beidahuang GROUP had an above-average capacity of grain purchasing, stockpiling, and distribution, but it was poor in storage and market dealing; (5) Beidahuang GROUP had a quite strong capacity of agricultural science and technology service, but it was weak in scientific and technological R&D investment and the development of human resources; (6) Beidahuang GROUP had an above-average capacity of brand value and authentication service, but had an average capacity of brand authentication service. According to the results from fuzzy synthetic evaluation model, Beidahuang GROUP currently has a strong service capability of the agricultural socialization, but requires improvements in scientific and technological R&D, storage, and other infrastructure as well as brand authentication service capacity. In general, Beidahuang GROUP’s service capability of the agricultural socialization functions as a role model in implementing China's work to increase the grain production by 50 million metric tons, promoting lowered cost, improving quality and efficiency in the agricultural industry, increasing farmers' income and improving rural economic organizations' efficiency in developing service capability of the agricultural socialization in China's major grain producing areas and important large-scale agricultural product growing areas.