碳视角下的粮食生产环境技术效率评价——基于超效率SBM-Undesirable模型

EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF GRAIN PRODUCTION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON——BASED ON SUPER-EFFICIENCY SBM-UNDESIRABLE MODEL

关键词:  粮食生产  碳足迹  环境技术效率  超效率SBM模型  非期望产出

Key words:  grain production  carbon footprint  environmental efficiency  super-efficiency SBM model  undesirable output

摘要:

目的 粮食生产绿色发展具有保障粮食安全和生态安全的双重意义。方法 文章运用碳足迹工具，在相关理论分析的基础上，基于2021年的粮食主产区农户样本数据，采用超效率SBM-Undesirable模型对农户粮食生产环境技术效率和无效率来源进行分析，并对粮食生产环境技术效率的影响因素进行实证研究。结果 （1）碳视角下的粮食生产系统具有显著的正外部性，碳生态效率平均为3.125，生产投入的碳排放以化肥施用和机械使用为主。（2）粮食生产环境技术效率平均为0.514，进一步对无效率项的分解表明，农药超标使用、人工投入冗余是造成环境技术无效率的主要原因。（3）购买农业保险、采纳节水灌溉技术、提高户主受教育年限、提升耕地质量促进了环境技术效率的改善。结论 农户粮食生产普遍缺乏效率，要素利用率低与污染过量是限制粮食生产环境技术效率提高的关键因素，应加快推动中低产田改造，推广低碳节能农机装备，增加农田污染监测点位，指导农户农药科学使用，推进粮食生产有机肥与化肥的结合施用。

Abstract:

The green development of grain production has the dual significant roles of ensuring food security and ecology security. This paper estimated the environmental efficiency by using a super-efficient SBM-Undesirable model based on farm-level data in the main grain producing areas in 2021. And then a regression model was used to identify the influencing factors on the environmental efficiency. The results were listed as follows. (1) The grain production system had significant positive externalities from the perspective of carbon, with an average carbon eco-efficiency of 3.125. Fertilizer and machinery use were the two sources of carbon emissions from production inputs. (2) The average environmental efficiency of grain production was 0.514; further decomposition of the inefficiency indicated that excessive use of pesticides and labor was the main source of environmental inefficiency. (3) Regression results showed that purchasing agricultural insurance, adopting water-saving irrigation technology, improving education of household heads, and upgrading farmland quality could improve environmental efficiency. The results indicate that grain production efficiency needs further improvement, whereas low efficient input utilization and excessive pollution are the two key barriers. So, it should accelerate the transformation of low and medium-yield farm land, promote the use of agricultural machineries that are low-carbon and energy-saving, set up more farmland pollution monitoring sites, guide farmers to use pesticides scientifically, and promote the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers.