陕西省传统村落空间格局及影响因素研究

STUDY ON INFLUENCING FACTORS AND PROTECTION MODE OF SPATIAL PATTERN OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN SHANANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  陕西省  传统村落  空间格局  自然环境因素  社会经济因素

Key words:  Shaanxi province  traditional villages  spatial distribution  natural environmental factors  socioeconomic factors

摘要:

目的 文章以484个陕西省国家级传统村落为研究对象，对陕西省传统村落空间格局及影响因素进行定量识别，以期对保护传统村落历史文化遗产、振兴传统村落起到重要作用。方法 运用空间分析方法，借助ArcGIS、SPSS，分析其空间密度、空间关联性、空间分布均衡性，以及影响因素与其空间分布的相关性、异质性。结果 （1）陕西传统村落的地理集中指数G为18.582，不平衡指数S为0.688，表明传统村落在107个市（区）县中分布较集中，但具有不均衡性；（2）具体表现为“东部聚集，向中、西部圈层扩散”，主要集中在汉滨、绥德、米脂、合阳、旬阳等区县；（3）陕北东部无定河流域、关中东部渭河流域、陕南中部汉江流域为高密度的三大核心区，泾河、嘉陵江为两个次级分布核心区；（4）传统村落的莫兰指数为0.63，Z值为5.2，空间正相关性显著；（5）传统村落整体空间分布具有低海拔、小坡度、近河流、欠发达、远交通、低人密的空间指向性。结论 自然环境因素（高程、坡度、河流）是陕西省传统村落生成的源动力，社会经济因素（经济、交通、人口）是陕西省传统村落构成和演变的制约力。

Abstract:

Focusing on 484 national level traditional villages in Shaanxi province, this research aimes to quantitatively identify their spatial patterns and influencing factors, so as to play a crucial role in preserving the historical and cultural heritage of these villages and promoting their revitalization. The spatial analysis methods, supported by GIS and SPSS, were employed to analyze spatial density, spatial correlation, spatial distribution equilibrium, and the correlation and heterogeneity between influencing factors and their spatial distribution. The study findings were listed as follows. (1) The geographical concentration index (G) of traditional villages in Shaanxi was 18.582, and the imbalance index (S) was 0.688, indicating a higher concentration in 107 cities (districts) and counties. However, this distribution showed imbalance characteristics. (2) Specifically, there was an evident trend of villages gathering in the eastern region and gradually spreading towards the central and western areas. Districts and counties such as Hanbin, Suide, Mizhi, Heyang, and Xunyang were the primary concentrations.(3) The Wuding River basin in the eastern part of northern Shaanxi, the Weihe River basin in the eastern part of Guanzhong, and the Hanjiang River basin in the central part of southern Shaanxi represented three core areas with high population density. Additionally, the Jinghe River and Jialing River were secondary core areas with substantial village distributions. (4)The Moran's I index of traditional villages was 0.63, with a significant spatial positive correlation indicated by a Z value of 5.2. (5) The overall spatial distribution of traditional villages displayed a distinct preference for lower altitudes, gentle slopes, proximity to rivers, underdeveloped infrastructure, limited transportation, and low population density. In conclusion, the generation of traditional villages in Shaanxi province is primarily driven by natural environmental factors such as elevation, slope, and river proximity. However, their composition and evolution are constrained by socioeconomic factors like economy, transportation, and population.