中国海水养殖贝类碳汇评估及交易机制研究

CARBON SEQUESTRATION ASSESSMENT AND EXCHANGE MECHANISM OF MARICULTURE SHELLFISH IN CHINA

关键词:  海水养殖贝类碳汇  渔业碳汇  海洋碳汇  碳汇交易  碳汇评估

Key words:  carbon sequestration of mariculture shellfish  fishery carbon sequestration  ocean carbon sequestration  carbon exchange  carbon evaluation

摘要:

目的 作为碳汇而非碳源，海水养殖贝类碳汇的评估及交易机制对典型蓝碳的价值实现，引领海洋渔业乃至蓝色经济绿色高质量发展具有重大现实意义。方法 文章定性与定量研究相结合，评估分析我国海水养殖贝类碳汇量基础上，结合中国核证碳减排（CCER）政策及经验，明晰可交易的海水养殖贝类碳汇，并评析首笔海水养殖贝类碳汇交易实践。结果 （1）我国海水养殖贝类碳汇规模和潜力大，2021年为468万t，较2001年增长78%，预期2035年为700万t左右，碳汇价值约7亿元；（2）新增贝类养殖、结构调优的增汇和关键环节的负排放等，理论上满足额外性条件，具有碳抵消和可交易价值；（3）我国海水养殖贝类碳汇拥有重大战略机遇，但也存在评估标准和方法学明显不足，实践中监测、核查、报告和交易的机构资质不符，以及供需主体议价能力偏差引致成交价明显偏低等问题。结论 海水养殖贝类碳汇具有交易潜力，并从加快方法学研制、交易体制机制构建、碳汇示范区建设、拓展交易实践等方面，提出我国推进海水养殖贝类碳汇交易的战略路径，以期为包括海水养殖贝类碳汇在内的海洋碳汇交易机制构建提供基础参考。

Abstract:

As a carbon sequestration rather than a carbon source, the assessment and exchange mechanism of marine shellfish carbon sequestration is of great practical significance for realizing the value of typical blue carbon and leading the green and high-quality development of marine fishery and even blue economy. Based on China 's certified carbon emission reduction ( CCER ) policy and experience, this paper calculated the carbon sequestration of marine cultured shellfish, clarified the tradable carbon sequestration, and discussed the first carbon sequestration exchange practice. The results were listed as follows. (1) The scale and potential of carbon sequestration of mariculture shellfish in China were large. In 2021, it was 4.68 million tons, an increase of 78 % compared with 2001. It was expected to be about 7 million tons in 2035, and the value of carbon sequestration would be about 700 million yuan. (2) The addition of shellfish farming, structural optimization of sequestration and negative emissions of key links, etc., theoretically met the additional conditions, with carbon offset and tradable value. (3) China 's mariculture shellfish carbon sequestration had major strategic opportunities, but there were also obvious deficiencies in evaluation standards and methodologies, inconsistent institutional qualifications in practice for monitoring, verification, reporting and exchange, a significantly low transaction price leaded by the deviation of bargaining power between supply and demand. In summary, the carbon sequestration of mariculture shellfish has trading potential. From the aspects of accelerating the development of methodology, the construction of trading system and mechanism, the construction of carbon sequestration demonstration area, and the expansion of trading practice, this study puts forward the strategic path of promoting the carbon sequestration trading of mariculture shellfish in China, so as to provide basic reference for the construction of marine carbon sequestration trading mechanism including carbon sequestration of mariculture shellfish.